ABSTRACT
Today's knowledge on oesophageal adenocarcinoma and its rising incidence has encouraged researcher to illustrate relationship between Barrett's disease and progression to adenocarcinoma. The incidence of this disease has been accelerated sharply in current decades since people life has changed. Studies have been demonstrated that several potential factors including genetical and environmental factors are involved on Barrett's transformation. Using different detectable biomarkers and techniques have supported early recognition of adenocarcinoma but still have not clarified pathogenesis of Barrett's oesophagus to oesophageal adenocarcinoma. This review summarizes as much as information in relationship with those evidences that have been finalised in different aspects of cellular and molecular pathogenesis of OA. However, current data shows that bacteria might play new role in the pathogenesis of adenocarcinoma
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma , Incidence , Esophageal NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Premixed non-setting calcium hydroxide [CaOH2] paste in pressure syringe system is commonly used in root canal therapy. The aim of this paper is to present a case involving an iatrogenic extrusion of the medicament during endodontic treatment and a literature review of similar reports. The present case demonstrates severe tissue necrosis and other deleterious effects following the extrusion of CaOH2 paste beyond root apex. A 21-year old female was referred for endodontic treatment of her maxillary left first premolar. After completion of the canal preparation, root canals were filled by premixed CaOH2 paste. In the second appointment, a gingival detachment and an irregular zone of necrosis adjacent to the tooth apex was observed. To treat this complication, a mucoperiosteal flap was raised and the extruded material and necrotic tissues were currettaged and the area sutured. The patient was prescribed antibiotics and followed up at 2 weeks, 6 months and 2 years. Two week follow up showed good soft tissue healing. Two years postoperatively, complete radiographic and clinical healing was observed. We can conclude that the application of CaOH2 should be carried out with care and preferably applied free hand or with a lentulo spiral rather than in a pressure syringe
ABSTRACT
The use of mouth rinses as antiseptics to prepare surgical site is highly recommended by surgical principles and they are used even after doing surgery. Chlorhexidine has been considered as an effective antibacterial mouth rinse but as its well known side effects are potentially harmful, Persica mouth rinse which is supposed to be as effective as Chlorhexidine with less side effects, due to its herbal origin, was compared with Chlorhexidine mouthrinse. The aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial and cytotoxic effects of Chlorhexidine and Persica mouthrinses. In this in vitro experimental study Streptococcus Mutans, Streptococcus Sanguis and Lactobacillus Kasei were exposed to Persica [absolute and 50%] and Chlorhexidine concentrations [0.01% ,0.02% ,0.1% ,0.2%] for 2 ,10 , 30 minutes. The growth of microorganisms were evaluated after 24hr incubation. The human oral carcinoma cell line KB, the human osteosarcoma cell line Saos-2 , the mouse macrophage cell line J774A.1 and human gingival fibroblast cell line MRF were exposed to Persica [0.1% , 0.5% , 1% , 5%] and Chlorhexidine concentrations [0.0001%, 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.03%] for 1 hr. Following drug exposure the cells were washed and cultured for another 48-72 hrs, then, cell growth was assessed by MTT assay. All concentrations of Chlorhexidine prevented the growth of microorganisms but Persica mouthwash had a weak antibacterial effect. Chlorohexidine concentrations of higher than 0.001% had significant cytotoxicity in all cell lines and concentrations of higher than 0.1% of Persica also exerted a very significant cytotoxic effect on all cell lines. Persica mouth rinse is not a reliable antiseptic for preparation of oral cavity prior to oral surgery since it doesn't bear enough antibacterial properties. Both mouth rinses are cytotoxic, so that, using them for wound care, specially for oral wounds which heal by secondary intention is not recommended