ABSTRACT
Aim: This study was aimed at understanding the earlier findings involving chronic, lowlevel cyanide exposure resulting from eating poorly processed cassava products associated with the development of goitre as seen in cassava endemic regions of Nigeria. Study Design: 30F1 female adult Wistar rats were divided into five (5) groups of 6 animals each. Groups 1 to 4 represented the treatment groups while group 5 was the control of the experiment. The cyanide treatment dose were; group1: 20mg/KgBW, group 2: 12mg/KgBW, group 3: 6mg/KgBW and group 4: 2mg/KgBW while the control group received 0.25M Sucrose. Place and Duration of Study: The animal facility of College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. The treatment duration was 30days. Methodology: Animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The blood samples were collected to determine Serum FT3, FT4 and TSH concentration. The thyroid gland was excised and processed for light microscopic examination; while the activities of G6PDH, LDH, ALP, MDA and SOD were assayed from the thyroid tissue homogenates. Results: Histological observation of thyroid gland of rats from the experimental treated groups revealed markedly distended follicles and diffusely hyperplastic thyroid follicles lined with tall columnar epithelial cells. These thyroid epithelial cells are crowded and enlarged projecting into the lumens of their respective follicles. Their interstitial tissue all had dilated blood vessels. Application of one-way ANOVA statistical analytical method showed that there were highly significant differences P˂0.05 in the activities of G6PDH, LDH, ALP, MDA, SOD, FT3, FT4 and TSH when compared with those of the control group. Conclusion: The results obtained from this study showed hyperthyroidism was effectively induced by cyanide.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Arteether TM, a derivative of artemisinin, is among the recent drugs that have given renewed hope for combating malarial menace. The present study investigated the effects of arteetherTM on the histology of the retina and cerebellum of Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty adult albino Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g, were randomly divided into four groups (A, B, C and D) of five animals each and used for this study. Group A rats were given intramuscular (i.m.) arteetherTM (3 mg/kg b.w.) daily for 3 days. Group B rats were given i.m. arteetherTM (6 mg/kg b.w.) daily for 3 days. Group C rats were also given i. m. of arteetherTM (3 mg/kg b. w.) daily for 3 days, and the same dose was repeated at two-weekly intervals for 4 further weeks; while Group D rats which received normal saline (0.9 % w/v, 3 ml/kg b.w.), served as controls. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The retina and cerebellum were excised and processed routinely for histopathology changes, using haematoxylin and eosin stain (H & E), as well as Nissl stain. Results: Results obtained showed normal cellular components of the retina and cerebellum in all groups, and no cyto-pathological changes were observed. Conclusion: Thus, this study showed that under light microscopic examination, therapeutic doses of arteetherTM caused no significant cyto-pathologic changes in the retina and cerebellum of Wistar rats.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Retina/anatomy & histology , Cerebellum/anatomy & histology , Artemisinins/pharmacology , Malaria/prevention & control , Histological Techniques , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious metabolic disorder with micro and macro-vascular complications that result in a significant morbidity and mortality. The present study investigated the effects of Momordica charantia (M. charantia) on histological changes of the aorta and pulmonary trunk in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Forty healthy adult Wistar rats of both sexes were randomly assigned into five groups A, B, C, D and E of eight rats each. Group A were the control (normal rats); B were the experimentally-induced diabetic rats; C were diabetic rats treated with methanolic extracts of M. charantia for two weeks (withdrawal group); D were diabetic rats treated with methanolic extracts of M. charantia for four weeks. E was diabetic rats treated glimepiride for four weeks. Tissues were harvested, processed routinely in paraffin wax and stained with routine and special stains. Histological results revealed morphological alterations in the aorta and pulmonary trunk of diabetic rats. Histochemical analysis also revealed abnormal deposition of glycogen in these vessels of diabetic rats. M. charantia and glimperide attenuated the morphological alterations and reduced the glycogen deposits. In conclusion M. charantia has a promising ameliorative effect on the morphology of the aorta and pulmonaty trunk in STZ-induced diabetic wistar rats and by extension, may be relevant in the management of cardiovascular alteration associated with DM.
La diabetes mellitus (DM) es una enfermedad metabólica grave con complicaciones micro y macro vasculares que resultan en una significativa morbilidad y mortalidad. El presente estudio investigó los efectos de Momordica charantia (M. charantia) sobre los cambios histológicos de la aorta y el tronco pulmonar en ratas Wistar con diabetes inducida por estreptozotocina. Cuarenta ratas Wistar adultas sanas de ambos sexos fueron asignadas al azar en cinco grupos A, B, C, D y E, 8 ratas cada grupo. El grupo A fue control (ratas normales); el grupo B fue de ratas diabéticas inducidas experimentalmente; el grupo C fue de ratas diabéticas tratadas con extractos metanólicos de M. charantia por dos semanas (grupo de retirada); grupo D fue de ratas diabéticas tratadas con extractos metanólicos de M. charantia durante cuatro semanas, y el grupo E fue de ratas diabéticas tratadas con glimepirida durante cuatro semanas. Los tejidos obtenidos se incluyeron en parafina y se tiñeron con técnica de rutina y tinciones especiales. Los resultados histológicos revelaron alteraciones morfológicas en la aorta y el tronco pulmonar de las ratas diabéticas. El análisis histoquímico reveló también la deposición anormal de glucógeno en estos vasos de ratas diabéticas. Tanto M. charantia y glimperida atenuaron las alteraciones morfológicas y redujeron los depósitos de glucógeno. En conclusión, la M. charantia tiene un efecto de mejora prometedor sobre los cambios en la morfología de la aorta y el tronco pulmonar en ratas Wistar diabéticas inducidas por STZ y, por extensión, pueden ser relevantes en el manejo de alteraciones cardiovasculares asociadas con la DM.