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@#Medical implants are normally used in clinical practice to treat most orthopaedics situations involving bone fractures, deformities, dislocation, and lengthening. It should be noted that specific measures regarding biomechanical and biomaterial characteristics are required for a successful post-surgery procedure. Biomechanical evaluations on the medical implants could be performed by utilising computer and engineering technology. One of them is in silico studies using finite element method that could be simulated in high-performance computer. However, various assumptions are required in computer simulation, such as the constraints on data input and computer resources. This review paper discusses current approaches of constructing a finite element model of human bone with specific material properties for upper limb such as the shoulder joint, humerus, elbow joint, radius and wrist joint. Previous related literatures were reviewed from selected keywords and search engines. To narrow the literature search in this study, inclusion and exclusion criteria of the literature searching were applied. We looked at the current level of knowledge in this field and offered recommendations for future study. In conclusion, studies from previous literature have demonstrated several ways for developing mathematical models and simulating medical implants.
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Purpose@#The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of infraorbital canal protrusion in an Egyptian subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomography and to describe its radiographic representation. @*Materials and Methods@#This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using the records of 77 patients and 123 maxillary sinuses. The full lengths of the sinuses were visible for the detection of infraorbital canal protrusion. The infraorbital canals were classified into 3 types based on their relation to the sinus. If the septum was present, its length and its distance from the sinus floor were measured. Qualitative and quantitative variables were described as percentages and means with standard deviations, respectively. @*Results@#The infraorbital canal most commonly presented as the normal confined type (detected in 78.1% of sinuses), whereas the suspended (or protruded) variant was found in 14.6% of the examined sinuses. The septal length ranged from 0.9 to 5.1 mm, with a mean of 2.8±1.1 mm. The distance to the sinus floor ranged from 5.2 to 29.6 mm depending on the sinus shape and size. @*Conclusion@#The present study indicates that protrusion of the infraorbital canal is not rare, and surgeons that use the maxillary sinuses as corridors for their procedures must be more cautious, especially in the upper lateral confines of the sinus.
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Purpose@#This study assessed the combined accuracy of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), strain ratio (SR), and shear wave elastography (SWE) of the optic nerve (ON) in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). @*Methods@#This prospective study was carried out on both ONs of 34 consecutive patients diagnosed with IIH and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. All of the study participants were women. The ONSD, SR, and SWE of the ON were measured. The severity of papilledema of IIH patients was sub-classified into mild papilledema and moderate/severe papilledema. @*Results@#The mean ONSD (5.6±1.1 mm), SR (0.7±0.1), and SWE (30.1±16.7 kPa) of the IIH patients were significantly different (P=0.001) from the ONSD (4.1±0.5 mm), SR (0.9±0.1), and SWE (8.2±3.4 kPa) of controls. The cutoff values of ONSD, SR, and SWE of the ON for differentiating IIH patients from controls were 5.45 mm, 0.8, and 10.3 kPa with areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.91, 0.86, and 0.96 and accuracy values of 91%, 81%, and 93%, respectively. Combined SWE and ONSD and combined SWE, ONSD, and SR for differentiating IIH patients from controls revealed AUCs of 0.98 and 0.99 and accuracy values of 96% and 96%, respectively. ONSD, SR, and SWE showed significant differences between mild and moderate/severe papilledema (P=0.001). Papilledema was correlated with SWE (r=0.8, P=0.001), ONSD (r=0.4, P=0.001), and SR (r=-0.4, P=0.001). @*Conclusion@#The combination of ONSD, SR, and SWE may be helpful for diagnosing IIH, and a good indicator of the degree of papilledema.
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Aims@#Leaf blight disease caused by Pantoea spp. reduces rice yields in numerous nations. However, the exact strategy to combat Pantoea spp. has yet to be determined. Bactronophorus thoracites is a promising source of natural antimicrobial agents due to their potential as a substrate to generate peptides with high antimicrobial activity. This study determined the effects of lactic acid fermentation using Lactobacillus casei ATCC334 as a starter culture on antimicrobial activity against rice pathogens, proximate composition, and amino acid profiles from B. thoracites crude extract.@*Methodology and results@#Bactronophorus thoracites was washed and deshelled to collect the flesh and homogenised at 4 °C before freeze-drying. The freeze-dried samples were fermented with L. casei for 4 to 8 days at 37 °C. The antimicrobial activity, MIC and MBC were determined using a spectrometer. The fermented protein was subjected to proximate and amino acid analyses. The antimicrobial activity of fermented B. thoracites protein (FBTP) was significantly (p<0.05) decreased with the increased fermentation days (from 4 to 8 days). The antimicrobial activity was also increased when the glucose concentration increased from 2% to 3%. However, raising the glucose concentration to 4% decreased the antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity was significantly (p<0.05) increased when the substratewater (S/W) ratio increased from 0.84% to 0.96%. The FBTP (4 days, 3% glucose concentration and 0.96% S/W ratio) showed high antimicrobial activity against Pantoea ananatis and P. stewartii. The MIC and MBC values for FBTP were 500 μg/mL and 250 μg/mL against P. ananatis and P. stewartii. The zones of inhibition value for FBTP were 16.0 ± 0.5 mm (1000 μg/mL) and 9.33 ± 0.57 mm (500 μg/mL) for P. ananatis, and 11.7 ± 0.61 mm (1000 μg/mL), 9.33 ± 0.58 mm (500 μg/mL) and 7.17 ± 0.77 mm (250 μg/mL) for P. stewartii. The proximate composition and amino acid profiles of the freeze-dried protein hydrolysate powder were characterised. FBTP produced a higher value of protein (61.56%) and ash (32.38%) and a lower value of total fat (0.273%) and carbohydrates (6.27%) than the B. thoracites crude extract. Total amino acid content was 39.480 g/100 g in B. thoracites crude extract and 155.442 g/100 g in FBTP. The essential amino acid glutamine was the most abundant in B. thoracites crude extract and methionine in FBTP.@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#This study showed that lactic acid fermentation could produce FBTP using L. casei with improved functional characteristics and as a source of a natural antimicrobial agent against rice pathogens.
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Lactic Acid , Anti-Infective AgentsABSTRACT
Background@#Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a non-selective cation channel implicated in pain sensation in response to heat, protons, and capsaicin (CAPS). It is well established that TRPV1 is involved in mechanical allodynia. This study investigates the effect of Ononis spinosa (Fabaceae) in CAPS-induced mechanical allodynia and its mechanism of action. @*Methods@#Mechanical allodynia was induced by the intraplantar (ipl) injection of 40 µg CAPS into the left hind paw of male Wistar rats. Animals received an ipl injection of 100 µg O. spinosa methanolic leaf extract or 2.5% diclofenac sodium 20 minutes before CAPS injection. Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) was measured using von Frey filament 30, 90, and 150 minutes after CAPS injection. A molecular docking tool, AutoDock 4.2, was used to study the binding energies and intermolecular interactions between O. spinosa constituents and TRPV1 receptor. @*Results@#The ipsilateral ipl injection of O. spinosa before CAPS injection increased PWT in rats at all time points. O. spinosa decreased mechanical allodynia by 5.35-fold compared to a 3.59-fold decrease produced by diclofenac sodium. The ipsilateral pretreatment with TRPV1 antagonist (300 µg 4-[3-Chloro-2-pyridinyl]-N-[4-[1,1-dimethylethyl] phenyl]-1-piperazinecarboxamide [BCTC]) as well as the β2-adrenoreceptor antagonist (150 µg butoxamine) attenuated the action of O. spinosa. Depending on molecular docking results, the activity of the extract could be attributed to the bindings of campesterol, stigmasterol, and ononin compounds to TRPV1. @*Conclusions@#O. spinosa alleviated CAPS-induced mechanical allodynia through 2 mechanisms: the direct modulation of TRPV1 and the involvement of β2 adrenoreceptor signaling.
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Background@#Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a non-selective cation channel implicated in pain sensation in response to heat, protons, and capsaicin (CAPS). It is well established that TRPV1 is involved in mechanical allodynia. This study investigates the effect of Ononis spinosa (Fabaceae) in CAPS-induced mechanical allodynia and its mechanism of action. @*Methods@#Mechanical allodynia was induced by the intraplantar (ipl) injection of 40 µg CAPS into the left hind paw of male Wistar rats. Animals received an ipl injection of 100 µg O. spinosa methanolic leaf extract or 2.5% diclofenac sodium 20 minutes before CAPS injection. Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) was measured using von Frey filament 30, 90, and 150 minutes after CAPS injection. A molecular docking tool, AutoDock 4.2, was used to study the binding energies and intermolecular interactions between O. spinosa constituents and TRPV1 receptor. @*Results@#The ipsilateral ipl injection of O. spinosa before CAPS injection increased PWT in rats at all time points. O. spinosa decreased mechanical allodynia by 5.35-fold compared to a 3.59-fold decrease produced by diclofenac sodium. The ipsilateral pretreatment with TRPV1 antagonist (300 µg 4-[3-Chloro-2-pyridinyl]-N-[4-[1,1-dimethylethyl] phenyl]-1-piperazinecarboxamide [BCTC]) as well as the β2-adrenoreceptor antagonist (150 µg butoxamine) attenuated the action of O. spinosa. Depending on molecular docking results, the activity of the extract could be attributed to the bindings of campesterol, stigmasterol, and ononin compounds to TRPV1. @*Conclusions@#O. spinosa alleviated CAPS-induced mechanical allodynia through 2 mechanisms: the direct modulation of TRPV1 and the involvement of β2 adrenoreceptor signaling.
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Background: Authors tend to compare the medical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with the surgical option regarding lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and related psychological morbidity.Methods: A retrospective study of (1614) patients who were managed by either transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) or medical treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) over a period of 5 years between (Sep. 2013 and Sep. 2018) carried out in Prince Hussein Urology Center at Jordanian Royal Medical Services. Patients were classified into two groups, group1 (807 patients) who get a medical option and group 2 (807 patients who underwent TURPs. A comparison between both groups according to the effect of minimizing the psychological morbidities was done over a period of 1-year follow-up after reviewing the patient’s medical records.Results: Ages of the patients for group1 and 2 were (47-68 years), (49-73 years), respectively. There were significant differences at the level of depression, anxiety and psychiatric morbidity pre-treatment between both groups p-value <0.05, and no significant differences after treatment in group 1 regarding these levels, p-value>0.05, but significant differences in the level of improvement after treatment between both groups and in group 2 were found, p-value <0.05.Conclusions: The severity of LUTS and psychological morbidity have a positive relationship and were higher in the pretreatment surgical group, but the effect of TURP was superior to the medical group in the management of this morbidity and its causative (LUTS).
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Background@#Surgical treatment of empyema thoracis in patients with chronic kidney disease is challenging, and few studies in the literature have evaluated this issue. In this study, we aim to report the surgical outcomes of empyema and to analyze factors predicting perioperative mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. @*Methods@#This retrospective study included data from 34 patients with chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate 2) (p=0.03), ESRD (p=0.02), and late referral (>8 weeks) (p<0.001) significantly affected mortality. @*Conclusion@#ESRD, late referral, and poor functional status were poor prognostic factors predicting postoperative mortality. The decision of surgery should be cautiously assessed given the very high risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality in these patients.
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The use of laser and optoelectronics concepts to develop biological detection systems is the goal of this work. A biosensor based on one of the interferometer techniques, Mach-Zhender interferometer (MZI) technique, and the using of the laser beam is developed for pregnancy detection or pregnancy hormone, Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), increasing. A part of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with 3 different lengths (1.5 cm, 1.0 cm, and 0.5 cm) has been collapsed with 2 conventional single mode fibers (SMFs) to achieve MZI technique, Micro-holes collapsing and make high sensitive regions for the optical properties (refractive index and absorption) in the urine sample. This type of laser biosensor depends on light intensity measurement through a modified optical fiber. The sensing region is immersed in different urine samples of pregnant female and non-pregnant female. Biological changes in the urine sample due to the HCG increasing lead to a change in the optical properties (refractive index and absorption) of the urine sample. The results showed that the increasing of pregnancy hormones leads to an increase in the refractive index for a urine sample and a decrease in the intensity of the output laser beam. From this test, the calibration curve of laser biosensor for a pregnancy test or pregnancy detection has been found. The sensitivities of the laser biosensor with a refractive index in the range (1.33864-1.34257) at (1.5 cm, 1.0 cm, and 0.5 cm) PCF length are 61.142 ABS/ RIU, 4.5132 ABS/RIU and 2.888 ABS/RIU, respectively. Thus, the highest sensitivity was found for the (1.5 cm) photonic crystal fiber length.
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@#Cryptosporidium species is a group of protozoan parasites recognized as a cause of diarrhea with significant morbidity and mortality in industrialized and developing countries. Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum seem to be the most common causes of human cryptosporiodosis, however, other species are also found. Hence, the present study aimed to determine Cryptosporidium spp. infecting humans by nested PCR-RFLP targeting 18 sRNA gene in Minia Governorate, Egypt. A total of 300 diarrheic stool samples have been collected from inpatient and outpatient clinics of University Hospitals and Tropical Hospital, Minia Governorate, Egypt. One hundred twelve positive samples for Cryptosporidium infection (37.3%) were detected by nPCR while, 60 positive samples (20%) were detected by routine microscopy (p-value < 0.0004). The one hundred twelve positive samples detected by nested PCR were processed to RFLP. The RFLP yielded a typical restriction patterns for C. hominis in 73 (65.2%) cases, C. parvum in 25 (22.3%) cases, and C. meleagridis in 14 (12.5%) cases. C. hominis was more prevalent among cases of urban areas with negative history of animal contact in comparison to cases of rural areas (95.5% vs. 21.7%; p-value < 0.001). Moreover, there was a statistically significant association between C. hominis infection and drinking tap water. C. parvum was more prevalent among cases of rural areas than among those of urban areas (47.8% vs. 4.5%; p-value < 0.001) While C. meleagridis was only present among cases live in rural areas (30.4%; p-value < 0.001).
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Abstract In this study, mango seed kernels extract contained a considerable amount of phenolics and flavonoids (17,400 and 3325 mg/100 g seed, respectively). The HPLC profiling revealed that hesperidin was the major phenolic compound of the mango seed kernels extract. This is the first report find hesperidin in mango extracts. The phenolic compounds of mango seed kernels extract were effective in scavenging free radicals of DPPH and ABTS with IC50 values of 47.3 and 7.9 µg/ml, respectively. The total antioxidant activity of mango seed kernels extract based on the reduction of molybdenum was also measured. The phenolic compounds of mango seed kernels extract potentially inhibited the protease, fibrinogenase, phospholipase A2, l-amino acid oxidase, hyaluronidase, and hemolytic activities of the most dangerous Cerastes cerastes and Echis coloratus viper venoms. The phenolic compounds of mango seed kernels extract could completely neutralize the hemorrhage and lethality of both venoms in experimental animals. It could be concluded that the mango seed kernels extract phenolic compounds with potential antioxidant activity are considered as a new avenue in the viper bite treatment.
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Background: mitochondrial appropriate function depends on ideal mitochondrial translocation machinery, of which translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane [TOMM] have a vital role in normal functioning cell. Any disturbance in the translocation machinery leads to either tumorigenesis or apoptosis
Aim of the work: This study aimed to investigate the expression of TOMM34 in renal cell carcinoma [RCC]. TOMM34 expression was assessed in 42 samples of RCC patients using immunohistochemistry technique
Results: immunohistochemical staining revealed significant accumulation of TOMM34 protein in RCC cases compared to their corresponding non-cancerous renal tissues. TOMM34 protein expression was significantly associated with age and gender categories in contrast to the other clinicopathological features
Conclusion: according to protein expression level this study demonstrated that TOMM34 is a marker of poor outcome in RCC
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Background: colorectal cancer is considered to be the third most common cause of deaths in both men and women. The incidence of colorectal cancer cases has been rising at an alarming rate. In most cases, colon cancer treatment involves chemotherapy. However, toxicity and tumor cell drug resistance are outstanding obstacles to this treatment. Scientific studies suggested that combining certain chemotherapy treatments with specific antioxidants at defined dosages can improve drug efficacy or may reduce side effects severity.5-Fluorouracil, which is used in the treatment of breast, stomach and pancreatic cancer, remains the cornerstone of CRC treatment, although widely used in combination with several other drugs. Many effective drugs, including those actually used for cancer treatment, have been developed from botanical sources. Resveratrol is a pleiotropic phytochemical which is belong to the stilbene family. Although, it is only significantly present in grape products. Many preclinical studies investigated its anticancer properties in a plethora of cellular and animal models
Aim of the work: in the present study, the anticancer effects of Resveratrol alone or combined with 5-Fu were assessed on experimentally induced colorectal cancer in rats
Results: the results of this study indicated that RES had a better therapeutic effect against N-methylnitrosourea induced colorectal cancer than 5-Fu alone and when in combination with each other they diminished the cytotoxic effect of 5-Fu and enhanced normal histological appearance of colon tissue, which could be a promising alternative for resistant colorectal cancer. However, the exact mechanisms involved needs to be further explored
Conclusion: our results suggested that both natural compounds could be in the future a possible alternative to enhance the efficiency of 5-Fu in resistant colon cancer cells. This study supports the potential of plant extracts as source of bioactive compounds with biomedical applications
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This study determined Blastocystis spp. infection in patients with different classes of IBS. It also detected the sensitivity and specificity of microscopy, Jones' medium and PCR in detecting Blastocystis spp. in IBS patients' stool samples. This cross sectional study was carried out during the period from December 2014 to November 2016. The 100 IBS patients were 57 males and 43 females. Stool samples were collected from IBS patients and were examined by direct wet mount, different stains, cultured on Jones' medium and PCR to detect Blastocystis spp. Blastocystis spp. infection was common in the age group [15-30] "41.5%" and in rural areas "80.5%".The percentage of Blastocystis spp. positive cases detected by direct smear, Giemsa stain, modified trichrome stain, culture on Jones' medium and PCR were 69%, 77%, 80%, 82% and 54% respectively. Blastocystis spp. infection was more prominent in IBS- C class "56.1%". Blastocystis spp. infection was either single or mixed with other infections. The study showed that Blastocystis spp. infection was common in IBS patients especially IBS-C class. Modified trichrome stain and culture on Jones' medium were recommended to be the best methods used for its laboratory diagnosis
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Background/aim: various techniques have been implemented in the early detection of oral potentially malignant disorders including commonly occurring hyperkeratotic lesions. The objective of the present study was to assess the efficacy of visually enhanced lesion scope [VELscope Vx] versus toluidine blue [TB] with reference to histopathological examination in the detection of dysplastic changes in oral keratotic lesions
Patients and methods: a total of 30 patients having oral keratotic lesions were clinically diagnosed and subjected to VELscope Vx and TB examination. Histopathological assessment of biopsied lesions was also done. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were obtained for both VELscope and TB and were compared with histopathological examination
Results: VELscope Vx was able to identify four out of seven cases with mild dysplasia and a case of oral squamous cell carcinoma, while TB was able to identify five cases and the oral squamous cell carcinoma case as true positive cases. Thus, sensitivity was 62.5 and 75% for VELscope Vx and TB, respectively. Regarding the specificity of VELscope Vx, it was 71.4% while TB had a specificity of 85.7%
Conclusion: the sensitivity and specificity of TB examination outweighed those of VELscope Vx in detecting dysplastic changes within keratotic lesions
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Objective: To assess the efficacy of platelet rich plasma intra-lesional injection in patients having planter fasciits
Methods: This descriptive case series study was conducted at department of orthopedic surgery, Services Hospital, Lahore for 10 monthes [ November 2015 to august 2016]. The non- probability: consecutive sampling technique was used. Demographic profile was also obtained. Intensity of pain was checked through visual analog pain scale. Then the patients were injected with 3 ml of autologous platelet rich plasma. The pain was noted using VAS scale after every 6 weeks up to 24 week. If pain was score on VAS, then efficacy was labeled. All the data was entered and analyzed on SPSS version 16
Results: In our study the mean age of the patients was 47.19 +/- 8.47 years and the male to female ratio of the patients was 1.6: 1. The mean age of the patients VAS score at 24th week was 1.38 +/- 1.41. In our study the efficacy achieved in 89[89%] patients
Conclusion: our study results concluded that is the use of platelet rich plasma intra- lesional injection is an effective management for pain control in patients with plantar fasciitis
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Background: Visceral leishmaniasis [VL], caused by Leishmania infantum [L. infantum], is a life-threatening vector-borne parasitic disease is distributed in some parts of the world. The disease is endemic in some parts of Iran. This study was aimed to determine the seroprevalence of VL among children and domestic dogs [as a reservoir of the parasite] in Dehloran, west of Iran
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Dehloran County. The blood samples of 872 children up to 12 years old and 52 dogs were collected from 10 villages of Dehloran using randomly-clustered sampling method. Sera were separated from all peripheral blood samples and tested by direct agglutination test [DAT]. Anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies at titers of >/=1:800 and >/=1:80 were considered as Leishmania infantum infection in human and dog, respectively
Results: In general, among 872 human samples, 1.03% of samples had anti-Leishmania antibody with 1:1600 titers and 1.26% had 1:800 titers. In addition, from 52 dog samples, 21.15% of dogs had a titer of >/=1:320 and 25% had 1:80 and 1:160 titers
Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the seropositive dogs in the studied areas are considerable and L. infantum may be circulated between human and domestic dog in the studied area. Further study of isolation and molecular identification of Leishmania spp. is recommended
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Introduction: Promoting positive life style is a strategy for delaying and reducing the incidence of diabetes complications. Objective: To determine the perception of educators about the quality of education services provided to diabetic patients at the health centers in Khartoum State. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study carried out among 22 educators working at governmental and non-governmental health centers. Mini focus groups of discussion were moderated by a qualified social researcher and a trained note taker. The guiding questions included general information and several questions about education services for diabetic patients. Ethical clearance was obtained from relevant ethical committees. Informed consent was obtained from educators. Content analysis of data was carried and organized in to themes. The themes were organized according to the dimensions of quality of care, structure, process and outcome. Results: All educators were females. Their ages were between 25-55 years. The majority were holders of a university degree with different basic disciplines. The working duration ranged between 3 to 25 years. Ten of them were working in governmental health centers and 12 in non-governmental ones. Few educators were trained on diabetes education (structural quality care). Most of them agreed on the lack of diabetes education materials and specific education program (structural quality care). The majority agreed on the absence of team work and their role is to weight the patients. Most of educators educate individuals rather than groups (process quality care). The majority was not satisfied with education services at the health centers and most of educators reflected the poor knowledge and negative behaviour of the diabetic patients (outcome quality care). Conclusions: Diabetes education services at primary health care are insufficient. Most of educators were not certified educators. Education services lack team work and strategic plans. Diabetic patients have poor knowledge and behaviour regarding diabetes management.