ABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a capacidade de diferenciação das células-tronco da polpa dentária canina em células progenitoras neurais bem como quantificar obtenção e viabilidade celular, durante três passagens em cultura. As células foram extraídas da polpa dentária de dois cadáveres caninos, com aproximadamente dez meses de idade, que foram a óbito em decorrência de traumatismo automotivo. Após três subculturas, realizou-se avaliação da viabilidade celular por quantificação em câmara de Neubauer. A partir disso, induziu-se diferenciação neural em meio de cultura neurobasal (Gibco™), com células aderidas ao plástico ou suspensas em placas tratadas com agarose. Após sete e 14 dias em cultivo indutor, observou-se morfologia e perfil imunofenotípico utilizando citometria de fluxo e imunocitoquímica fluorescente. Aos 14 dias as células apresentaram alto grau de expressão para marcadores anti-nestina e anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (anti-GFAP). Anteriormente, obteve-se ao 25º dia, média de 18x106 células viáveis indiferenciadas oriundas do tecido pulpar. Sugere-se que as células-tronco indiferenciadas da polpa dentária canina apresentem índices satisfatórios de diferenciação em células progenitoras neurais, aderidas ou suspensas em cultura. A polpa dentária dos dentes decíduos caninos, fornece células indiferenciadas viáveis em quantidade adequada.(AU)
The objective of this study was to verify the differentiation capacity of canine tooth pulp stem cells in neural progenitor cells as well as to quantify the attainment and viability during three culture passages. The cells were extracted from the dental pulp of two canine cadavers, with approximately ten months of age, which died due to automotive trauma. After three subcultures, cell viability evaluation was performed by Neubauer chamber quantification. Neural differentiation was induced in neurobasal culture medium (Gibco ™), with cells adhered to the plastic or suspended in agarose-treated plates. After seven and 14 days in inducer culture, morphology and immunophenotypic profile were observed using flow cytometry and fluorescent immunocytochemistry. At 14 days the cells had a high degree of expression for anti-nestin and anti-glial fibrillary acidic (anti-GFAP) markers. Previously, an average of 18x106 undifferentiated viable cells from the pulp tissue were obtained on the 25th day. It is suggested that the undifferentiated canine pulp stem cells present satisfactory differentiation indices in neural progenitor cells, adhered or suspended in culture. The dental pulp of deciduous canine teeth provides viable undifferentiated cells in adequate quantity.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Dental Pulp/ultrastructure , Neural Stem Cells , Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy/veterinary , Demyelinating Diseases/veterinary , Flow Cytometry/veterinaryABSTRACT
Background: Prolonged obstructed labour remains a major cause of obstetrics fistula in Northern Nigeria, and in places with high prevalence of vesico-vaginal fistula. This study aimed to determine the characteristics and risk factors of obstetrics fistulae following caesarean section for neglected obstructed labour in Northern Nigeria. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in 4 fistula hospitals in Northern Nigeria from January to December 2015. All the patients who developed fistula following delivery by caesarean section (due to prolonged obstructed labour) were considered eligible for the study. A proforma was used to collect data on the research variables. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22 computer statistical software package. Results: About a quarter of the study subjects (24.3%) have had a previous caesarean delivery, and about a third of them (37.8%) have had a previous unsuccessful fistula repair. Most of the study subjects (73.0%) were offered prompt emergency caesarean section at presentation, and majority of them (59.5%) were delivered of still births. The most common reason for delay at home was that they did not anticipate a difficult delivery (41.4%). The most common type of fistula seen was intra-cervical (52.3%). There was a moderate association between development of fistula and delay in the hospital, with the most common reasons being absence of doctors (25.2%) and financial constraints (22.5%). Conclusion: The large proportions of subjects with intra-cervical, ureteric and vault fistulae in this study suggest iatrogenic origin. Emergency obstetric care should be made available at the grass root level.
ABSTRACT
Aim: Vancomycin has been widely used in the treatment of infections caused by methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The emergence of vancomycin- intermediate and - resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA and VRSA, respectively) in various parts of the world has been reported. The level of vancomycin resistance phenotypically and genotypically in clinical isolates of S. aureus with or without methicillin resistance from south western region of Nigeria was determined. Methods: A total of 116 non-duplicate S. aureus previously obtained from various clinical specimens were subjected to susceptibility testing using disc and microbroth dilution including polymerase chain reaction amplification of mecA and van genes. Results: The disc susceptibility testing results depict multiple drug resistance with 100% resistance to co-amoxyclav, erythromycin and gentamicin had intermediate of 39.1 and 65.2% respectively, no strain sensitive. Vancomycin showed 100% susceptibility. The minimum inhibitory concentrations, MICs of 116 S. aureus strains against vancomycin showed the isolates to have MIC50 of 1 μg/ml and MIC90 of 2 μg/ml. Five (4.3%) of the 116 clinical isolates had intermediate MIC of 4 μg/ml. These five strains were from methicillin resistant strains and were isolated from different clinical sites and hospitals. However, none of these strains demonstrated the presence of van genes, vanA; vanB; vanC and vanH by PCR. Conclusion: There is high level of multiple antibiotic resistance in S. aureus with some MRSA also showing reduced susceptibility to vancomycin resulting in VISA. However, the VISA strains have shown no van gene as their mechanism of acquiring reduced susceptibility.