ABSTRACT
Background:Cholelithiasis are relatively rare in Nigeria and Africaat large. However, recently the incidence has been reported to be on the rise. We present a ten-year review of our experience in managing gallstones to highlight the recent trends in our practice.Methods:This is a 10-year retrospective study on patients who were managed for gall bladder disease in the Usmanu Danfodiyo university teaching hospital Sokoto from August 2011 to July 2021. The biographic data, clinical features, radiologic, operative findings, histologic findings and outcome of treatment were analyzed with IBM SPSS 25. Results:There were 82 patients over the period of the study comprising of 18 (22%) males and 64 females (78%). Their ages range was 17 to 60 years with a mean of 37.59 years �.02. All patients had right upper quadrant pain as the main complaint with 24 patients (29.3%) having associated epigastric pain and 14 patients (17.1%) presented with jaundice. Preoperative ultrasound (USS) diagnosis was in keeping with intraoperative diagnosis in 97.6%. All patients had cholecystectomy out of which 62 patients (75.6%) had open cholecystectomy while 20 patients (24.4%) had laparoscopic cholecystectomy. There was no hospital mortality, the average hospital stay was 8.2 days following open cholecystectomy however this was shorter, 4.5 days for laparoscopic procedure.Conclusions:The prevalence of gallstones is still comparatively low when compared to the western world. Ultrasonography is very sensitive imaging modality.Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe and superior to open surgery in our environment.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the role of Mirabilis jalapa root extracts in restoration of glucose homeostasis in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic Wistar albino rats. Methods: Experimental hyperglycemic rats were treated daily with 200 and 400 mg/kg of Mirabilis jalapa extracts after initial fasting for 6 h. Two-hour postprandial glucose and changes in body weight were monitored during treatment. After 14 d, the rats were sacrificed and blood was collected for biochemical assessment of serum glucose and insulin levels, lipid profile, and oxidative stress markers. Histopathological examinations of harvested pancreas were also carried out. Results: Mirabilis jalapa root extracts at 200 and 400 mg/kg increased the body weight of hyperglycemic rats. Postprandial glucose levels of the extract-Treated hyperglycemic groups progressively declined during treatment compared with the untreated hyperglycemic control group (P<0.05). The lipid profile indices of the untreated negative control group were significantly elevated (P<0.05), which were reversed by treatment with Mirabilis jalapa extracts. The remarkable increases in antioxidant enzyme activities and a significant decrease in malondialdehyde levels were observed in the hyperglycemic group treated with Mirabilis jalapa extracts. Mirabilis jalapa extracts also significantly increased serum insulin levels (P<0.05). In addition, histopathological examinations of the pancreas revealed a significant cell population within the islet nests of the extract-Treated hyperglycemic groups. Conclusions: Mirabilis jalapa extract can restore glucose homeostasis and show hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in hyperglycemic rats. Further studies are needed to verify the active components of the plant and the underlying mechanism of action in the future.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the role of Mirabilis jalapa root extracts in restoration of glucose homeostasis in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic Wistar albino rats. Methods: Experimental hyperglycemic rats were treated daily with 200 and 400 mg/kg of Mirabilis jalapa extracts after initial fasting for 6 h. Two-hour postprandial glucose and changes in body weight were monitored during treatment. After 14 d, the rats were sacrificed and blood was collected for biochemical assessment of serum glucose and insulin levels, lipid profile, and oxidative stress markers. Histopathological examinations of harvested pancreas were also carried out. Results: Mirabilis jalapa root extracts at 200 and 400 mg/kg increased the body weight of hyperglycemic rats. Postprandial glucose levels of the extract-Treated hyperglycemic groups progressively declined during treatment compared with the untreated hyperglycemic control group (P<0.05). The lipid profile indices of the untreated negative control group were significantly elevated (P<0.05), which were reversed by treatment with Mirabilis jalapa extracts. The remarkable increases in antioxidant enzyme activities and a significant decrease in malondialdehyde levels were observed in the hyperglycemic group treated with Mirabilis jalapa extracts. Mirabilis jalapa extracts also significantly increased serum insulin levels (P<0.05). In addition, histopathological examinations of the pancreas revealed a significant cell population within the islet nests of the extract-Treated hyperglycemic groups. Conclusions: Mirabilis jalapa extract can restore glucose homeostasis and show hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in hyperglycemic rats. Further studies are needed to verify the active components of the plant and the underlying mechanism of action in the future.
ABSTRACT
Background: The efficacy of palliative external beam radiotherapy (PRT) for relief of metastatic bone pain had been well established, a single fraction is as effective as multiple fractions in relieving bone pain, but variation exist among the radiation oncologist in our environment on the ideal dose per fraction regimen. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from breast cancer patients treated with PRT using linear accelerator for metastatic bone pain in University College Hospital Ibadan between 2005 and 2009. The extracted information includes bio-data, presenting symptoms, metastatic sites, and bone pain assessment before and after four weeks of PRT using visual analogue pain scale (VAS), radiation doses, fractionation numbers and number of re-irradiation. Results: There were 161 eligible breast cancer patients who were treated with PRT secondary to painful bone metastases between 1st January 2005 and 31st December 2009. Majority were females with only 1.2% male patients (Figure 1). Table 1 showed demographic characteristics of treated patients with mean age of 45.2 years, pain was the major presenting complaint (92.5%) and multiple bony metastases constituted the highest metastatic presentation (52.2%). Table 2 shows patient's responses to PRT treatment for pain relief (complete responses of 88.8% and 11.2% partial responses). No significant association between patient's responses to PRT and magnitude of radiation doses delivered. However, fractionation sizes were significantly associated with re-irradiation p-value < 0.05. Conclusion: No differences exist between various dose fractionation schemes in terms of relief from painful bony metastases. However, shorter dose fractionation schemes are associated with re-irradiation of previously irradiated sites