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BAG, J. basic appl. genet. (Online) ; 29(2): 21-31, dic. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089047

ABSTRACT

Las tortugas marinas (Cheloniidae) son un grupo de siete especies originadas en el cretaceo. Analisis de secuencias parciales de DNA mitocondrial han revelado inconsistencias filogeneticas dentro de este grupo de quelonios. Sin embargo, estos marcadores mitocondriales han permitido entender y dilucidar la composicion de las poblaciones en areas de forrajeo, habitos reproductivos, inferencias de patrones de migracion y tambien definir las unidades de manejo en el mundo, con el fin de proponer planes de manejo y conservacion. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la posicion de la tortuga carey E. imbricata dentro de la familia Cheloniidae y la filogenia de las tortugas marinas utilizando genes mitocondriales codificantes de proteinas, genes ribosomicos y el genoma mitocondrial completo de la tortuga carey anidante del Caribe colombiano, al compararlo con las otras seis especies de tortugas marinas disponibles en GenBank. Se utilizaron cuatro metodos de inferencias filogeneticas: Neighbor-Joining (NJ), Maxima Verosimilitud (ML), Maxima Parsimonia (MP) e Inferencia Bayesiana (IB). Los arboles NJ, ML, MP e IB mostraron que ND2, COX1, 16S ARNr, ND5, 12S ARNr, ND4, COX3 y ND1 son los marcadores que presentan una mejor resolucion filogenetica con sustentos bootstrap entre 89,0% y 99,98%. Los genes ATP6, ATP8, COX2, ND3, ND4L y ND5 presentaron politomias y establecieron relaciones filogeneticas equivocadas. El analisis con el mitogenoma completo presento arboles altamente sustentados (bootstrap de 98,0%) en comparacion con el analisis con marcadores individuales. Los arboles obtenidos con el gen ND2 e IB resolvieron con buen sustento las relaciones evolutivas entre las especies comparadas, consolidandose la posicion de E. imbricata dentro de la tribu Carettini con probabilidad posterior de 0,98-1,0. Los marcadores ND2, ND5, ND4, COX3 y ND1 no han sido utilizados en trabajos previos y representan una nueva alternativa para explicar la filogenia en este grupo de reptiles marinos. En el presente caso utilizando mitogenomas completos se obtuvieron arboles robustos y altamente sustentados.


The sea turtles (Cheloniidae) are a group of seven species of cretaceous origin. Analyses of partial mitochondrial sequences have revealed phylogenetic inconsistences within this group. Nevertheless, these mitochondrial markers have allowed us to understand, explain and clarify population composition in areas of foraging, reproductive habits, inferences of migration patterns and, also, to define management units in the world, in order to trace conservation and monitoring plans. In this study, four methods were evaluated and compared for phylogenetic inference (Neighbor-Joining-NJ, Maximum Likelihood-ML, Maximum Parsimony-MP and Bayesian inference-BI) by using coding genes, ribosomal genes and full mitogenomes of the hawksbill, E. imbricata, and other six species of sea turtles obtained from GenBank. The sequences were analyzed independently and jointly to identify the method and marker that better explain the phylogenetic relationships among this group of reptiles. The NJ, ML, MP and BI trees showed that ND2, COX1, 16S rRNA, ND5, 12S rRNA, ND4 and COX3 are the markers that give phylogenetic trees with better resolution and support, with bootstrap values ranging from 89.0% to 99.98%. ATP6, ATP8, COX2, ND1, ND3, ND5 and ND4L genes presented polytomies. The analysis with full mitogenome often provides highly supported trees (bootstrap 98.0%) compared with single marker analysis. Trees obtained with the BI method and the ND2 gene is the one that better resolved the evolutionary relationships among the species, consolidating the position of E. imbricata within the Carettini tribe with a value of posterior probability of 0.98-1.0. The markers ND2, ND4, ND5 and COIII, not used in previous works, represent a new alternative to explain the phylogeny in this group of marine reptiles. In the present study, a complete mitogenome analysis produced robust and highly supported trees.

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