ABSTRACT
Introduction: IMT of carotid artery, can be assessed by B–mode ultrasound in a simple way, because of its superficial location, runs parallel to the surface of the neck, serve it as a suitable diagnosing method for coronary atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive value of IMT of CCA, ICA, carotid bifurcation for CAD and relation of IMT with age and gender of patients. Methods: Two hundred patients (age from 30 ye80 y) who were subjected to coronary angiography in Haldiram Moolchand Cardiology Hospital, Bikaner (Rajasthan), also sub–jected for B–mode ultrasound scan of carotid. The mean value of six measurements of IMT of far wall of the CCA, ICA, carotid bifurcation was calculated in each patient. Result: R2 value by regression analysis was significantly (p–0.000) higher for collectively all four arterial segments in significant CAD. R2 value for club model (CCA, ICA, Carotid bifurcation) was found 0.549 whereas for individual segment it was 0.422. Mean IMT of arteries significantly increasing with age and greater for men (0.686 ± 0.261) as comparison to women (0.594 ± 0.253). Conclusion: present study that the IMT of carotid arteries which were taken in this study as different parameters were significantly correlated not only to CAD but also its severity. An increase in IMT of CCA and its arterial segments were found associated with age and gender of the patients.
ABSTRACT
Background: Asthma is a common problem all around the world with variable prevalence ranging from 1%–18% in different age and geographical distribution. There are proximately 300 million affected individuals. There are growing prevalence and morbidity, due to asthma associated with pregnancy. The course of asthma in pregnancy is unpredictable. Methods: 2400 consecutive pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of S.P. Medical College and AG of Hospitals, Bikaner, were screened using asthma questionnaire translated in Hindi based on the questionnaire developed for International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 52 patients diagnosed as asthma were subjected for PFT and classified according to clinical severity as per GINA guidelines, 2006. All subjects were followed till delivery and postpartum charts reviewed to see neonate and maternal outcome. Results: The prevalence of asthma during pregnancy was 2.1%, among them, 25 (48.1%) were categorized as having intermittent asthma, 6 (11.5%) with mild persistent asthma, 10 (19.2%) with moderate persistent asthma and 11 (21.2%) having severe persistent asthma. During the course of pregnancy, 36% had no change in the symptomatology, while (32.5%) experienced improvement and (32.5%) of worsening of asthma. 22 (42.31%) women were newly diagnosed during our study. There was no significant adverse maternal and fetal outcome in asthmatic group compared to control. Conclusions: Asthma is an under diagnosed and under treated disorder, especially during pregnancy and overall morbidity of asthma among women & neonates does not change during pregnancy.