TGF-ß1 and CD68 immunoexpression in capsules formed by textured implants with and without mesh coverage: a study on female rats

Purpose: To evaluate fibrosis formation and number of macrophages in capsules formed around textured implants without and with mesh coverage. Methods: Fibrosis was analyzed through transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-ß1) immunomarker expression and the number of macrophages through CD68 percentage of cells in magnified field. Sixty female Wistar rats were distributed into two groups of 30 rats (unmeshed and meshed). Each group was then subdivided into two subgroups for postoperative evaluation after 30 and 90 days. The p value was adjusted by Bonferroni lower than 0.012. Results: No difference was observed in fibrosis between meshed and unmeshed groups (30 days p = 0.436; 90 days p = 0.079) and from 30 to 90 days in the unmeshed group (p = 0.426). The meshed group showed higher fibrosis on the 90th day (p = 0.001). The number of macrophages was similar between groups without and with mesh coverage (30 days p = 0.218; 90 days p = 0.044), and similar between subgroups 30 and 90 days (unmeshed p = 0.085; meshed p = 0.059). Conclusions: In the meshed group, fibrosis formation was higher at 90 days and the mesh-covered implants produced capsules similar to microtextured ones when analyzing macrophages. Due to these characteristics, mesh coating did not seem to significantly affect the local fibrosis formation.

Histological evaluation of capsules formed by texturized silicone implants with and without polyester mesh coverage (Parietex®). A study on female rats

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate capsules formed by microtextured silicone implants with and without Parietex® mesh coverage histologically. Methods Sixty Wistar rats were divided in two groups (meshed and unmeshed). Each group was, then, divided into two subgroups for evaluation at 30 and 90 days. Capsules were analyzed based on hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and picrosirius staining. Results The number of fibroblasts, neutrophils and macrophages was similar among all subgroups. There was a higher lymphocyte reaction in the 30-day meshed group (p = 0.003). Giant cell reaction, granulation tissue and neoangiogenesis were similar among the subgroups. Synovial metaplasia was milder at 90-day in the unmeshed (p = 0.002) and meshed group (p < 0.001). Capsular thickness was significantly greater in the meshed samples (30-day p < 0.001 and 90-day p < 0.001). There was a similar amount of collagen types I and III in both groups. Conclusions The mesh-covered implants produced capsules similar to the microtextured ones when analyzing inflammatory variables. Synovial metaplasia was milder at 90 than at 30 days, and the capsular thickness was significantly greater in the meshed group. A similar amount of collagen types I and III was observed. Due to these characteristics, the mesh coverage did not seem to significantly affect the local inflammatory activity.

Mutirões de cirurgia plástica do Instituto Ivo Pitanguy: Fernando de Noronha / Plastic surgery task force of Ivo Pitanguy Institute: Fernando de Noronha

Fernando de Noronha é um arquipélago formado por 21 ilhas, ocupando uma área de 26 km2. Na área da Saúde, o arquipélago possui o Hospital São Lucas, um Posto de Saúde vinculado ao Programa de Saúde da Família e um SAMU. A I Semana da Cirurgia Plástica do Instituto Ivo Pitanguy em Fernando de Noronha representou a expansão do trabalho feito na 38ª Enfermaria da Santa Casa da Misericórdia para lugares carentes da especialidade. A II Semana foi a continuidade natural deste projeto. O objetivo foi oferecer à população atendimento em cirurgia plástica com consultas, cirurgias e palestra, com o foco na prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento do câncer de pele, visto que a população local apresenta grande risco para esta doença. A equipe da primeira Missão contou com a participação de dois instrutores e seis residentes do Instituto Ivo Pitanguy, além de uma dermatologista convidada. Já na segunda Missão, houve a participação de um instrutor do Hospital Oswaldo Cruz (SUS-PE). Todos os casos foram documentados e fotografados. Somando-se a primeira e a segunda Missão, foram realizados 280 atendimentos, sendo 93 consultas sem indicação de tratamento cirúrgico e 187 pacientes operados. Do ponto de vista de Saúde Pública, a I e a II Semana da Cirurgia Plástica do Instituto Ivo Pitanguy representaram uma economia significativa para o Estado de Pernambuco. Além disso, este projeto trouxe uma inestimável experiência de vida a todos aqueles que formaram estas equipes. A possibilidade de ajudar à população com as nossas habilidades e conhecimentos só nos orgulha e enaltece ainda mais a tradição de nossa escola.

Fernando de Noronha is an archipelago formed by 21 islands and has an area of 26 square km2. The main island contains the public hospital São Lucas, a Health Care Center and a SAMU (Mobile Emergency Care Service). The I Week of Plastic Surgery of the Ivo Pitanguy Institute expanded the work performed at the 38th Infirmary of the Holy House of Rio de Janeiro to areas with lack of Plastic Surgery Services. The second mission was the natural continuation of the project. The objective of the project was to offer specialized care in Plastic Surgery with consultation, surgeries, and an educative class, focused in the prevention, diagnostic and treatment of skin cancer to the population, due to its susceptibility to the disease. The first team had two instructors, six residents of the Ivo Pitanguy Institute and a dermatologist. The second mission had an instructor from other service (Oswaldo Cruz Hospital), from the State of Pernambuco. All cases were logged and photographed. The two missions performed 280 consultations, being 93 without the need of surgery and 187 surgeries. The Missions enabled a significant economy to the State of Pernambuco. Beyond it, the missions brought a great life experience for those who performed then. The possibility to help people with our skills and knowledge make us very proud and ennoble the tradition of our school.

Tromboembolismo venoso em cirurgia plastica protocolo de prevenção na clínica Ivo Pitanguy / Venous thromboembolism in plastic surgery: prevention protocol at Ivo Pitanguy Clinic

A trombose venosa profunda (TVP) e o seu desfecho imediato mais grave, o troboembolismo pulmonar (TEP), são complicações de incidência elevada em pacientes hospitalizados e principalmente naqueles submetidos à cirurgia. Objetivo: Apresentar o protocolo de profilaxia de Tromboembolismo (TEV) da Clínica Ivo Pitanguy, mostrando a incidência de TEV no serviço antes e a pós a introdução deste protocolo, assim como a incidência de hematomas, no período de cinco anos. Método: Estudo de revisão dos prontuários dos pacientes operados no período de julho de 2004 a maio de 2009. Comparou-se a incidência de eventos trombóticos antes e após a introdução do protocolo, assim como a incidência de hematomas. Resultados: Foram analisados 1700 prontuários. Desde a introdução do protocolo, não ocorreu nenhum caso de tromboembolismo venoso, em 711 pacientes operados. A incidência de hematomas com necessidade de revisão cirúrgica foi reduzida, provavelmente pelo controle pressórico mais rigoroso após a introdução do protocolo. Conclusão: O protocolo tem se mostrado de utilização simples e efetiva. Houve redução da incidência de TEV e hematomas a partir de sua introdução.

The deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and its most dangerous outcome, the pulmonary embolism (PE), are complications of high incidence in hospitalized patients and in those submitted to surgery. Objective: This study presents the guideline to prevention of thromboembolism at Ivo Pitanguy Clinic and its incidence before and after the introduction of this protocol, in a period of five years. We also relate the incidence of hematoma beforeand after the beginning of the protocol. Methods: The study consists of the revision of the medical records of all patients operated between July 2004 and May 2009. We compared the incidence of thromboembolic events before and after the beginning of the protocol as well as the incidence of hematomas that were submitted to revision at the surgery room. Results: Analyzing 1700 medical records, since the introduction of the guideline of prevention of VTE, there is no case of VTE in 711 operated patients. The incidence of reoperated hematomas at the surgery room was reduced, maybe because there was a more rigorous control of the blood pression after the introduction of the guideline. Conclusion: The guideline has shown itself practical and simple use. There were reduction in cases of VTE and hematomas after its introduction.

Análise das trocas de implantes mamários nos últimos cinco anos na Clínica Ivo Pitanguy / Analysis of implant exchange on the last five years at Ivo Pitanguy Clinic

Introdução: A cirurgia de aumento mamário foi a cirurgia plástica mais realizada no Brasil, em 2008. Com a evolução da técnica e da qualidade dos implantes de silicone, a taxa de complicações tem diminuído progressivamente, tornando a cirurgia mais segura. Objetivo: Demonstrar o perfil das pacientes submetidas à troca de implante mamário, nos últimos cinco anos, na Clínica Ivo Pitanguy, analisando as características dos implantes de silicone e as causas que motivaram a troca. Método: Foram analisadas, retrospectivamente, todas as pacientes submetidas a procedimentos cirúrgicos de troca, retirada ou reinclusão de implantes mamários, nos últimos cinco anos, num total de 59 pacientes em 68 procedimentos e 129 mamas operadas. Resultados: O intervalo de tempo entre a colocação e a retirada dos implantes variou de 1 mês a 34 anos; 44 pacientes eram provenientes do nosso serviço e 24 de outros. Quarenta e três implantes eram, antes da troca, de poliuretano, 13 texturizados e seis lisos. O grande motivo de troca foi estético, com 50 casos, seguido por contratura capsular em 13 casos, e cinco casos de infecção, ruptura ou nódulo mamário. Conclusão: O principal motivo de troca de implantes foi estético, diferentemente da literatura. Os índices de contratura capsular e de infecção da loja do implante do presente estudo foram comparáveis aos apresentados em vários outros estudos.

Background: The breast augmentation surgery was the most performed in Brazil in 2008. With the evolution of the technique and the quality of the implants, complications have diminished, leading to a more secure procedure. Objective: To assess the profile of patients submitted to implant exchange in the last five years at Ivo Pitanguy Clinic, analyzing the causes that led to implant removal. Methods: We have analyzed all patients submitted to exchange, removal or replacement of mammary implants in the last five years, at a total of 59 patients, 68 procedures and 129 breasts operated. Results: The time interval from the inclusion to the removal of the implants ranged from one month to 34 years; 44 patients have first operated at our service and 24 at other services. Forty three implants were, before the exchange, made of polyurethane, 13 texturized and six smooth. The major cause of the exchange was esthetic, with 50 cases, followed by capsular contracture, 13 cases and five cases of infection, rupture or breast nodule. Conclusion: The major reason of implants exchange was esthetic, differing from the literature. The capsular contracture and infection rates, at this study, were comparable to several others.

Manejo da gangrena de Fournier: experiência de um hospital universitário de Curitiba / Management of Fournier's gangrene: experience of a university hospital of Curitiba

OBJETIVO: Analisar os resultados obtidos no Serviço de Cirurgia Geral do Hospital Universitário Cajuru - PUCPR, com o tratamento da gangrena de Fournier. MÉTODOS: Foram revisados os prontuários de 40 pacientes com diagnóstico de Gangrena de Fournier internados no hospital universitário Cajuru de Novembro de 1999 a Abril de 2006, analisando-se as variáveis: sexo, idade, fatores predisponentes, etiologia, localização da lesão, exames laboratoriais, procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados, antibioticoterapia e utilização de câmara hiperbárica. RESULTADOS: A etiologia mais comum foi de origem anorretal. O agente etiológico mais prevalente foi a E. coli. O fator predisponente predominantes foi a diabetes mellitus, A maioria dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino. A localização e extensão da lesão mais freqüente foi a perineal. Todos foram submetidos à desbridamento cirúrgico, 17 à colostomia e dois à cistostomia. Todos os pacientes utilizaram antibiótico, sendo os mais usados: metronidazol e gentamicina. Vinte e seis pacientes submeteram-se à terapia hiperbárica. A mortalidade global foi de 20%. CONCLUSÃO: A Síndrome de Fournier, apesar de todos os avanços terapêuticos atuais, continua apresentando altos índices de mortalidade. O reconhecimento precoce da infecção associado a tratamento agressivo e invasivo são medidas essenciais para se tentar diminuir esses índices prognósticos.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results obtained in the Department of General Surgery, Cajuru University Hospital - PUCPR, with the treatment of Fournier's gangrene. METHODS: We reviewed the charts of 40 patients diagnosed with Fournier's gangrene admitted to the Cajuru University Hospital from November 1999 to April 2006, analyzing gender, age, predisposing factors, etiology, lesion location, laboratory tests , surgical procedures, antibiotic use and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. RESULTS: The most common etiology was the anorectal origin. The most prevalent etiological agent was E. coli. The predominant predisposing factor was diabetes mellitus. The majority of patients were male. The location and extent of injury was usually in the perineum. All underwent surgical debridement, 17 with associated colostomy and two with combined cystostomy. All patients received antibiotics, the most used being metronidazole and gentamicin. Twenty-six patients underwent hyperbaric therapy. The overall mortality was 20%. CONCLUSION: Fournier's syndrome, despite all the advances in treatment today, continues to show high mortality rates. Early recognition of infection associated with invasive and aggressive treatment are essential for attempting to reduce these prognostic indices.