ABSTRACT
Resumen En el contexto clínico actual, diversos factores entorpecen la formación de médicos y especialistas. La judicialización de la práctica médica, legislaciones que limitan las horas trabajadas, una cultura de trabajo que no admite errores y una mayor demanda por especialistas son desafíos que han obligado a docentes a buscar nuevas herramientas. La simulación permite recrear una situación clínica, permitiendo al alumno adquirir competencias previo a su aplicación en la vida real. Este trabajo resume los conceptos actuales en simulación, las bases teóricas educacionales que explican su utilidad, sus limitaciones y la evidencia disponible sobre su utilización.
In the current healthcare scenario, several factors have been identified as threats for medical education. The increase in litigations, working-time directives, patient safety issues and a higher social demand for specialists have forced medical educators to look for new alternatives to traditional teaching. Simulation provides a recreation of a clinical situation, allowing the student to acquire skills and competences that then can be translated to real life practice. This article summarises the key concepts of simulation, the educational theories that back up its use, its limitations and the available evidence in regards to its use.
Subject(s)
Humans , General Surgery/education , Education, Medical/methods , Simulation Training/methodsABSTRACT
Hyperbaric oxygenation consists in exposing patients to increased gas pressures while inhaling pure oxygen. It involves the use of hyperbaric chambers that can double or triple gas pressure inside them. Hyperbaric oxygenation may be useful in different clinical situations, but mostly for the treatment of decompression syndrome. In the last decades, it has been used for the management of different kinds of wounds. Hyperbaric oxygenation not only increases the delivery of oxygen to damaged tissues, but also stimulates angiogenesis, collagen synthesis, stem cell migration and local immune response. Clinical trials that have addressed the use of hyperbaric oxygenation are difficult to compare due to their heterogeneity in terms of experimental design, kind of injuries involved and assessment of outcome. Even though, most studies support the concept that hyperbaric oxygenation accelerates the healing process.