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1.
J. oral res. (Impresa) ; 9(1): 51-56, feb. 28, 2020. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1151481

ABSTRACT

Some genotypes of the human papilloma virus (HPV) in the oral cavity cause genetic instability that may lead to cancer. Clinical and histological diagnoses are key tools; however, molecular techniques allow predicting, detecting and monitoring the disease. Objective: To identify the frequency of four high-risk HPV genotypes and their association with lesions in the oral cavity. Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study with a sample of 48 patients diagnosed with hyperplastic lesions and others currently classified as potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) of the oral cavity, who underwent biopsies, histopathological analysis, and HPV16, 18, 31, and 45 detection and genotyping by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Epithelial hyperplasia was the most frequent lesion found in 45.8% (n=22) of patients. Nicotine palatinus and leukoplakia were found in 8.3% and 6.2%, respectively; oral cancer in 6.2%. The total frequency of HPV was 12.5% (6/48). Oral papilloma was found in 6.1% (3/48), and nicotine palatinus and oral cancer in 2.0% each (1/48). HPV16, HPV31, and HPV45 were detected, while HPV18 was not observed. HPV16 was the most frequent genotype found (4 out of 6 patients), while HPV31 and HPV45 were found in one patient each. Only one genotype per lesion was found. The presence of HPV was associated with lesions (χ2=11.810; p=0.0375). No significant association with age and gender was found. Conclusion: High-risk HPV continues to be present in oral lesions. The HPV16 viral genotype was the most frequent in the studied lesions.


Algunos genotipos del virus del papiloma (VPH) en boca, producen inestabilidad genética dando lugar al cáncer. El diagnóstico clínico e histológico son herramientas claves, sin embargo, técnicas moleculares permiten predecir, detectar y dar seguimiento a la enfermedad. Objetivo: Identificar la frecuencia de cuatro genotipos del VPH de alto riesgo y su asociación con lesiones en cavidad bucal. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con una muestra de 48 pacientes diagnosticados con lesiones hiperplásicas y otros clasificados actualmente como desordenes potencialmente malignos (DPM) de la cavidad bucal, a quienes se les realizó biopsias, análisis histopatológico y detección y genotipificación VPH16, 18, 31, y 45 mediante reacción en cadena a la polimerasa (PCR). Resultado: La hiperplasia epitelial fue la lesión más frecuente en 45,8% (n=22). La palatinitis nicotínica y la leucoplasia, se encontraron 8,3% y 6,2% respectivamente, cáncer oral, en 6,2%. La frecuencia total de VPH fue 12,5% (6/48). El papiloma oral estuvo en un 6,1% (3/48), palatinitis nicotínica y cáncer oral en 2,0% (1/48).Se detectó VPH16, VPH31 y VPH45, mientras que VPH18 estuvo ausente. ElVPH16 fue el de mayor frecuencia con 66,7% (4/6), el VPH31 y VPH45 se encontraron en 16,7% (1/6). No se evidenció más de un genotipo por lesión. La presencia de VPH estuvo asociado con las lesiones (χ2=11,810; p=0,0375). No se encontró asociación significativa con edad y género. Conclusión: El VPH de alto riesgo sigue estando presente en lesiones bucales. El genotipo viral VPH16 se encontró con mayor frecuencia en las lesiones estudiadas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Mouth Neoplasms , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Human papillomavirus 16 , Human papillomavirus 18 , Mouth/injuries , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Colombia , Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia , Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis
2.
Colomb. med ; 46(1): 26-32, Jan.-Mar. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-753532

ABSTRACT

Background: The hallmark of tuberculosis is the granuloma, an organized cellular accumulation playing a key role in host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These structures sequester and contain mycobacterial cells preventing active disease, while long term maintenance of granulomas leads to latent disease. Clear understanding on mechanisms involved in granuloma formation and maintenance is lacking. Objective: To monitor granuloma formation and to determine gene expression profiles induced during the granulomatous response to M. tuberculosis (H37Ra). Methods: We used a previously characterized in vitro human model. Cellular aggregation was followed daily with microscopy and Wright staining for 5 days. Granulomas were collected at 24h, RNA extracted and hybridized to Affymetrix human microarrays. Results: Daily microscopic examination revealed gradual formation of granulomas in response to mycobacterial infection. Granulomatous structures persisted for 96 h, and then began to disappear. Conclusions: Microarray analysis identified genes in the innate immune response and antigen presentation pathways activated during the in vitro granulomatous response to live mycobacterial cells, revealing very early changes in gene expression of the human granulomatous response.


Antecedentes: La marca histológica de la tuberculosis es el granuloma, una acumulación celular organizada que cumple funciones claves en la defensa del hospedero contra Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Estas estructuras secuestran y confinan a las micobacterias previniendo el desarrollo de enfermedad activa; el mantenimiento a largo plazo de los granulomas conlleva al establecimiento de latencia. Un mejor entendimiento de los mecanismos involucrados en la formación y mantenimiento del granuloma es necesario. Objetivo: Monitorear la formación del granuloma y determinar los patrones de expresión génica inducidos durante la respuesta granulomatosa a M. tuberculosis (H37Ra). Métodos: En este estudio se empleó un modelo in vitro humano previamente caracterizado. La agregación celular fue examinada diariamente mediante microscopia óptica y tinción de Wright por 5 días. Para analizar la expresión génica, los granulomas fueron colectados a las 24 h, se extrajo el RNA sometiéndolo a hibridación a micromatrices de Affymetrix. Resultados: Se observó la formación gradual de granulomas en respuesta a la infección. Los granulomas persistieron por 96 h, y luego se desvanecieron. Conclusiones: Se identificaron genes de la respuesta inmune innata y vías de presentación antigénica activadas durante la respuesta granulomatosa in vitro a células micobacteriales vivas, lo cual reveló alteraciones tempranas de la expresión génica en el inicio de la respuesta granulomatosa humana.


Subject(s)
Humans , Granuloma/pathology , Microarray Analysis/methods , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Tuberculosis/pathology , Cell Aggregation , Gene Expression Regulation , Granuloma/genetics , Granuloma/microbiology , Immunity, Innate/genetics , Tuberculosis/genetics , Tuberculosis/microbiology
3.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 16(4): 329-334, July-Aug. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-645420

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus (SA) remains a major cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections worldwide. Nasal carriage of this bacterium among hospital personnel constitutes an important source for nosocomial infections. A cross-sectional study enrolling the whole medical student population (n = 387) of the School of Medicine at the Universidad de Cartagena, Colombia, was conducted to evaluate the carriage rates of both methicillin sensitive-and methicillin resistant-SA, the frequency of Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes in the isolates, and risk factors associated with carriage in this selected population. After signing an informed consent, participants completed a survey related to possible risk factors for colonization, and nasal swabs were collected from anterior nares. Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from carriers were subjected to DNA extraction and PCR assays to determine the presence of MecA and Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes. Typing of the staphylococcal chromosomal cassette was performed for methicillin resistant strains. Molecular analysis was performed for only one strain per carrier. Prevalence of carriage for methicillin sensitiveand methicillin resistant-SA was 25% and 1.6% respectively. Most of the methicillin resistant isolates carried the staphylococcal chromosomal cassette type IV and the genes for Panton-Valentine leukocidin. To determine carrier types among medical students, each participant was subjected to four additional swabs, each taken two weeks apart. 9.8% persistent carriers, 53.1% intermittent carriers, and 37.1% non-carriers of SA were found. There was no association between risk factors analyzed and carriage of the bacterium. The study was conducted from April to September 2009 and found a persistent carriage of methicillin resistant-SA strains bearing the genes for Panton-Valentine leukocidin among medical students, evidencing the potential contribution of this portion of healthcare personnel either to the spread or introduction of these strains into the healthcare environment.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Young Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacterial Toxins/genetics , Carrier State/microbiology , Exotoxins/genetics , Leukocidins/genetics , Nasal Cavity/microbiology , Staphylococcus aureus/genetics , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Colombia , Cross-Sectional Studies , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/genetics , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Risk Factors , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification
4.
Rev. salud pública ; 10(4): 650-657, sept.-oct. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-511316

ABSTRACT

Objetivos Determinar la prevalencia de colonización nasal de Staphylococcus aureus, la susceptibilidad a antibióticos de los aislamientos y su posible asociación con factores de riesgo, en los residentes del Hogar Asilo de Ancianos San Pedro Claver de la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias durante el segundo semestre del año 2007. Métodos Con el debido consentimiento informado, para cada sujeto participante se tomaron hisopados nasales por una única vez durante el estudio. Se identificaron cepas de Staphylococcus aureus usando métodos clásicos y se determinó la susceptibilidad a antibióticos de los aislamientos mediante el método de difusión por disco según los estándares del CLSI. La información recolectada de las historias clínicas y con ayuda de un cuestionario se utilizó para analizar la asociación con factores de riesgo potenciales usando el programa SPSS 13.0 para Windows. Resultados Se obtuvieron 11 aislamientos positivos para Staphylococcus aureus, de un total de 69 individuos participantes, lo que correspondió a una prevalencia de 15,9 por ciento. No se detectaron cepas resistentes a meticilina. La portación nasal de Staphylococcus aureus estuvo asociada significativamente con limitaciones en el nivel de movilidad y con la presencia de lesiones cutáneas. No se encontró asociación significativa con otros de los diferentes factores de riesgo analizados. Conclusiones. La portación nasal de S. aureus encontrada en este estudio es mucho más baja que las reportadas en estudios similares en Colombia y otros países, teniendo en cuenta que la población estudio es vulnerable a la colonización con este patógeno.


Objectives Determining Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage, antibiotic susceptibility and association with potential risk factors in residents from the Hogar Asilo de Ancianos San Pedro Claver nursing-home in Cartagena during the second semester of 2007. Methods Nasal swabs were taken from each person participating in the study after they had signed an informed consent form. Staphylococcus aureus strains were identified by classical methods; antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion methods, according to CLSI standards. SPSS for Windows 13.0 statistical package was used for analysing data collected from medical records and from a questionnaire for analysing association with potential risk factors. Results 11 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were obtained from 69 participants, corresponding to 15.9 percent prevalence. No methicillin-resistant strains were detected. Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage was significantly associated with limited mobility and skin lesions. There was no significant association with the other risk factors analysed. Conclusions Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage found in this study was lower than that reported from other similar studies in other countries, taking into account that this is a population at risk for colonisation by this pathogen.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carrier State , Homes for the Aged , Nursing Homes , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Colombia , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Methicillin Resistance , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Nose/microbiology , Risk Factors , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects
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