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1.
Indian J Public Health ; 2012 Apr-June; 56(2): 163-167
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-144814

ABSTRACT

To evaluate pattern of visual impairment in school children from low-income families in Kolkata, India, an institutional cross-sectional study was conducted among 2570 children of 10 primary schools. Ocular examination including refraction was done and pattern of visual impairment and refractive error was studied. The age range was 6-14 years. Refractive error was seen in 14.7%. Only 4 children were already wearing correction. Myopia and hypermetropia was present in 307 (11.9%) and 65 (2.5%) children, respectively. Visual acuity of less than 6/12 in better eye was present in 109 (4.2%) and 5 (0.2%) children pre- and post-correction, respectively. Eighteen children had amblyopia. Although prevalence of refractive error in this group is less compared to school children of all income categories reported from other cities of India, it is more compared to school children of all income categories from the same city. Refractive error mostly remains uncorrected in this group.

2.
Indian J Pathol Microbiol ; 2010 Oct-Dec; 53(4): 692-695
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-141788

ABSTRACT

Objective: To study ocular surface abnormalities in patients with pterygium, conjunctival impression cytology was explored as a tool for the assessment of the cytological changes. Materials and Methods: A comparative case control study was undertaken to evaluate the ocular surface disorders in pterygium. Fifty cases of pterygium and 50 age and sex-matched controls were analyzed for the presence of local tear film abnormalities as assessed by the tear film break up time and Schirmer test. The spectrum of changes in cytomorphology was studied in detail using conjunctival imprint cytology. Results: Tear film break-up time and Schirmer's strip wetting were found to be significantly different in study and control groups. Studying the cytomorphology of the conjunctival imprint smears, reduced cellularity and squamous metaplasia of different grades was observed more frequently in patients compared to controls. On overall grading of cytological changes, statistically significant difference was noted between the study and control groups (P value 0.00172). Conclusion: From the present study we can suggest that aqueous tear film deficiency leading to ocular surface disorder brings about a change at the cytological level, and ocular surface disorders found in pterygium can be interpreted by conjunctival impression cytology.

3.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2010 Jul; 58(4): 330-331
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-136083

ABSTRACT

Ocular trauma is an important cause of vision loss. The agents incriminated in such injuries are diverse. We present a case of ocular trauma with a metallic spoon causing deep laceration of lid and temple region with sclerocorneal laceration. After assessment of the general condition and stabilization of the systemic parameters the operative procedure was undertaken on elective basis. Though the final visual outcome was not rewarding due to the severity of the injury, any potential hemostatic catastrophe was averted.


Subject(s)
Adult , Bombs , Eye Foreign Bodies/surgery , Eye Injuries, Penetrating/etiology , Eye Injuries, Penetrating/surgery , Humans , Male , Metals , Wounds and Injuries/etiology
4.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2009 Jan-Feb; 57(1): 57-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-72216

ABSTRACT

A 43-year-old man developed central serous choroidoretinopathy in his left eye following dacryocystorhinostomy operation on the same side. He was using xylometazoline nasal drops in his left nostril. Action of xylometazoline or the stress related to the operation or the effect of both factors played the role in the causation of this ocular condition. Omission of nasal drops or relief from stress resulted in full recovery of vision and complete resolution of symptoms within one month.


Subject(s)
Adult , Choroid Diseases/diagnosis , Dacryocystorhinostomy , Fluorescein Angiography , Humans , Imidazoles/administration & dosage , Male , Nasal Decongestants/administration & dosage , Postoperative Complications , Retinal Diseases/diagnosis , Serum
5.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 2008 May; 106(5): 292-4
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-105382

ABSTRACT

A cross-sectional study was undertaken to evaluate ophthalmic lesions in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals in eastern part of India. One hundred and seventy-five Indian patients attending one tertiary care centre in Kolkata, were included in the study. Ophthalmic manifestations were found in 29.14%. Of them 64.70% had posterior segment lesion, 23.52% had neuro-ophthalmic lesion, 19.60% had anterior segment lesion, 15.69% had adnexal lesion. Human immunodeficiency virus retinopathy was the commonest ophthalmic lesion involving 23 eyes. Cytomegalovirus retinitis was found in only 10 eyes. Ophthalmic lesions were less common in this study than reported in earlier literature in India and abroad.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Eye Diseases/diagnosis , Female , HIV Infections/complications , Humans , India/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Vision Tests , Visual Acuity
6.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 2008 May; 106(5): 282
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-98399
7.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 2007 Sep; 105(9): 524, 526, 543
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-102901

ABSTRACT

Aplastic anaemia is pancytopenia with marrow hypocellularity. Hepatitis-associated aplastic anaemia is a varient or aplastic anaemia that follows an acute attack of seronegative hepatitis. Here a case of hepatitis-associated aplastic anaemia presenting with sudden onset of severe simultaneous bilateral vision loss and without any other usual presenting signs is reported. Partial recovery of blood cell count occurred following immunosuppressive therapy. Posterior hyalodotmy helped rapid resolution of premacular subhyaloid haemorrhage. Although bilateral vision loss may rarely be the initial presentation of aplastic anaemia, no such report is known in hepatitis-associated aplastic anaemia. Posthepatitis vision loss needs careful investigation to exclude an underlying haematological disorder.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Anemia, Aplastic/diagnosis , Hepatitis/complications , Humans , Male , Retinal Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Time Factors , Vision Disorders/diagnosis
8.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 2007 Aug; 105(8): 443-4, 446-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-99831

ABSTRACT

A total number of 631 cases of orbital and para-orbital tumours causing proptosis was analysed in a retrospective way in relation to age, anatomic location, histological and clinical profile. CT-scan was considered as the primary modality of investigation as it correctly delineates the extent of the tumour, integrity of bony structures and intracranial spread. Different modalities of surgery like lateral orbitotomy, medial orbitotomy, lateral rhinotomy and endoscopic excision, etc, had been performed depending upon the anatomical locations. Surgical approaches, histological types of various tumours are analysed in detail.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Exophthalmos/etiology , Female , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Lymphoma/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Orbit/pathology , Orbital Neoplasms/complications , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
9.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 2007 Apr; 105(4): 169-72
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-101907

ABSTRACT

Childhood visual impairment due to refractive errors is a significant problem in school children and has a considerable impact on public health. To assess the magnitude of the problem the present study was undertaken among the school children aged 5 to 10 years in Kolkata. Detailed ophthalmological examination was carried out in the schools as well as in the Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Kolkata. Among 2317 students examined, 582 (25.11%) were suffering from refractive errors, myopia being the commonest (n = 325; 14.02%). Astigmatism affected 91 children (3.93%). There is an increase of prevalence of refractive errors with increase of age, but it is not statistically significant (p > 0.05). There is also no significant difference of refractive errors between boys and girls.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Awareness , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Eye Diseases/epidemiology , Female , Humans , India/epidemiology , Male , Mass Screening , Prevalence , Public Health , Refractive Errors/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Schools , Students
11.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 2007 Apr; 105(4): 210, 212
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-100357

ABSTRACT

A 10-year-old female child attended outpatients department of Regional Institute of ophthalmology, Kolkata with the complaints of gradual dimness of vision of both eyes, recurrent pain, redness and photophobia. On examination, she was found to have bilateral anterior uveitis, poliosis and vitiligo. Laboratory tests were performed to rule out other causes of granulomatous uveitis. She was treated with topical and systemic steroids and topical cycloplegic. Then pars plana vitrectomy with lensectomy was carried out. The vision still remained poor.


Subject(s)
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Child , Female , Humans , Uveitis/diagnosis , Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome/diagnosis
12.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 2007 Apr; 105(4): 218, 220
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-105998

ABSTRACT

A case of unifocal Langerhans' cell histiocytosis or eosinophilic granuloma in a child is reported where the frontal, zygomatic and maxillary bones of the left orbital wall are affected. As eosinophilic granuloma is a rare disease and the involvement of maxillary bone in orbital eosinophilic granuloma is not well documented in the literature, this case is reported for its unusual involvement of 3 bones at a single site. The diagnosis was established by clinical, radiological and histological findings. As no other system or site was involved and considering the osseous involvement of multiple bones at one site, local radiotherapy was preferred as the mode of treatment. The patient responded favourably to radiotherapy with reduction of proptosis and tumour mass but there was no visual recovery. In the absence of universal agreement over the mode of treatment, the result emphasises the probable benign nature of the tumour and the need to withhold more aggressive treatment modalities for extensive multisystem involvements.


Subject(s)
Child , Diagnosis, Differential , Eosinophilic Granuloma/diagnosis , Exophthalmos/radiotherapy , Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell/diagnosis , Humans , Male , Osteolysis , Treatment Outcome
13.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 2006 Nov; 104(11): 619-21, 626
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-101721

ABSTRACT

An internal 24-hour biological clock working in tandem with external environmental cues like bright light regulates our daily rhythms specially sleep-wake cycle. In a blind individual, due to absence of external cue endogenous rhythm may take upper hand and free running of sleep-wake cycle starts without any synchronicity with day-night cycle, creating ground for sleep disorders. To evaluate the frequency of sleep disorders, 65 blind individuals without any comorbid medical or surgical problem were interviewed according to the criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder-IV (DSM-IV). Simultaneously 70 persons with no visual impairment were assessed in the same manner as used for blind persons. Blind patients showed far higher presence (44.6%) of sleep problems compared to controls (15.7%), and this difference was highly significant statistically [odd's ratio (OR) = 4.32, CI 95 =1.8-10.54]. Blind patients showed far higher presence (43.1%) of DSM-IV based diagnosis compared to controls (8.6%), and this difference was highly significant statistically [OR = 8.072, CI 95 = 3.059-21.298]. Circadian sleep disorders, insomnia and hypersomnia were relatively higher in blind patients. High incidence of sleep disorders calls for development of short reliable screener for sleep disorders among blind persons and better liaison among ophthalmologists and psychiatrists for early detection of this problem.


Subject(s)
Adult , Biological Clocks/physiology , Blindness/physiopathology , Case-Control Studies , Circadian Rhythm/physiology , Female , Humans , India/epidemiology , Lighting , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Sleep/physiology , Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology
14.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 2006 Jul; 104(7): 406-7
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-102534

ABSTRACT

A 25-year-old woman presented with gradual dimness of vision in the left eye with history of recurrent cutaneous bullae, photosensitivity and passage of red coloured urine. Examination revealed cataract and high intra-ocular pressure in left eye and symmetrical areas of scleral thinning in both eyes. Systemic features of the patient pointed towards congenital erythropoietic porphyria, which was established by laboratory investigations.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Porphyria, Erythropoietic/diagnosis , Scleral Diseases/etiology , Vision Disorders/etiology
15.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 2006 Jul; 104(7): 394, 396-7
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-104489

ABSTRACT

Cataract is a universal phenomenon in old age and the most common cause of blindness worldover. Oxidative stress is believed to be a key factor in the gradual loss of transparency of lens. Free radicals formed result in derangement and opacification of lens fibres. Superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase are major anti-oxidant enzymes, which protect against free radicals. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of anti-oxidant enzymes - superoxide dismutase and catalase in the development of cataract in senile and diabetic persons. Serum levels of major anti-oxidant enzymes-superoxide dismutase and catalase were estimated in 20 patients with diabetic cataract, and matched with another 20 patients of senile cataract taken as control. Estimation of superoxide dismutase was done by improved spectrophotometric assay based on epinephrine auto-oxidation at 480nm, while catalase estimation was done by the method of Hugo Aebi. The mean serum levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase were lower as age increased. These enzymes were also significantly lower in diabetic cataracts (9.13 and 16.42 units/ml) as compared to senile cataracts (25.30 and 57.27units/ml). Oxidative stress is one of the major factors contributing to cataract formation. In diabetics where there is increased oxidative stress, the serum levels of the major anti-oxidant enzymes decrease, which lead to early cataract formation. It may be concluded that oxidative stress is an important factor in the development of diabetic cataracts and anti-oxidants may have a role in decreasing the incidence of cataract.


Subject(s)
Aged , Alzheimer Disease/blood , Case-Control Studies , Catalase/blood , Cataract/enzymology , Diabetes Complications , Diabetes Mellitus/blood , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Oxidative Stress , Superoxide Dismutase/blood
16.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 2006 Jul; 104(7): 358
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-95733
17.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 2005 Oct; 103(10): 539, 542
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-98260

ABSTRACT

Ophthalmomyiasis is a rare condition. Here two such patients, one of 70-year-old male farmer with history of neglected trauma presented with painful swelling with sinus of right orbit and the second one of 65-year-old female destitute who presented with fungating mass near the medial canthus of left eye with pain and bleeding are reported. All the maggots were removed after applying ether.


Subject(s)
Aged , Animals , Eye Infections, Parasitic/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Larva/parasitology , Male , Myiasis/diagnosis
18.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 2005 Aug; 103(8): 437-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-102169

ABSTRACT

A 7 year-old boy with unilateral septic cavernous sinus thrombosis following a pyoderma in the eyebrow is described. Problems in diagnosis and the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the management are highlighted. Patient recovered with mild residual sequelae. The unique feature of this case was absence of chemosis and non-toxic presentation of the patient.


Subject(s)
Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis/complications , Child , Exophthalmos/etiology , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Ocular Motility Disorders/etiology
19.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 2005 Jul; 103(7): 364-6, 368
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-99110

ABSTRACT

In this prospective study, 81 eyes of 70 patients diagnosed with various ocular surface disorders were enrolled to document the use of amniotic membrane transplantation in various ocular surface disorders. Detailed history and ocular examination was done. Ocular photographs and consent from all patients were taken. Fluorescein staining and impression cytology was done preoperatively and postoperatively in selected cases. Amniotic membrane was prepared from the placenta of a donor (consent taken and negative for infectious disorders), after separating amnion from chorion. It was washed with antibiotic solutions, transferred over nitrocellulose paper and stored in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's minimum essential medium at -80 degrees C. Recipient bed was prepared by removing the fibrovascular pannus and necrosed conjunctiva. Amniotic membrane was transplanted with the epithelial side up and sutured. Sixty-four eyes had good result by clinical evaluation or impression cytology findings, 5 eyes later required limbal stem cell culture and transplantation. All the 3 eyes had failure of the fornix reconstruction and 5 eyes had recurrence of the pterygium. Amniotic membrane provides lower recurrence rate in cases of recurrent pterygium. Alkali injuries are more dangerous but showed good response to amniotic membrane transplantation combined with limbal autografting or ex-vivo expansion and later transfer. Initial proper assessment of limbal involvement, conjunctival necrosis and corneal involvement is the key to the management of acute cases. Contracted sockets showed no improvement. Shield ulcers and persistent epithelial defect and ocular surface defects secondary to tumour excision showed excellent results.


Subject(s)
Amnion/transplantation , Eye Diseases/surgery , Humans , Prospective Studies , Recurrence , Treatment Outcome
20.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 2005 Jul; 103(7): 376, 378-80, 382
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-104127

ABSTRACT

Diabetes is a worldwide medical problem and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. It has considerable impact on both the patient and the society because it typically affects individuals in their most productive years. It is also one of the leading causes of blindness and visual impairment. A person with diabetes has 25 times the risk of blindness compared to a non-diabetic. This article reviews the variety of ways in which the eye and its adnexa can be involved in diabetes mellitus.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Complications/pathology , Diabetic Retinopathy/pathology , Eye Diseases/pathology , Humans
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