ABSTRACT
Background & objectives: Autopsy study has been considered the gold standard method for studying the effects of any disease on the body. Since COVID-19 is a novel disease, autopsy is crucial to understand its pathophysiology. This study was conducted to analyze the microscopic and macroscopic findings of various organs in COVID-19 and to associate those findings with clinical observations and laboratory findings. Methods: Conventional invasive autopsies were performed on 33 patients with COVID-19 from September 7, 2020 to December 23, 2020. All the organs were removed by routine dissection techniques and preserved in 10 per cent formalin. The tissues were processed and stained according to standard practices using haematoxylin-eosin (H & E) and periodic acid-schiff (PAS) stain. Results: The study included 28 males and 5 females with a median age of 61 yr (range 30-90 yr). Massive pulmonary oedema and thrombi in the lungs were the characteristic features macroscopically. On microscopic examination, diffuse alveolar damage in the exudative/proliferative phase was found in 29 (87.88%) cases. Among the other notable microscopic findings were bronchopneumonia and lung abscesses due to secondary bacterial infection (n=17, 51.52%), acute tubular injury (n=21, 63.64%) and thrombi in the lungs, heart, and kidneys. Interpretation & conclusions: COVID-19 primarily affected the respiratory and the renal systems in the vast majority of severely affected patients in our study. We also found signs of hypercoagulability, as evidenced by widespread thrombi in multiple organs, along with a raised d-dimer level and a hyperinflammatory state manifested by elevated inflammatory markers. Our autopsy findings and altered laboratory investigations support
ABSTRACT
Background: cervical lymphadenopathy is a common clinical presentation in many diseases. Metastatic lymphadenopathy is common in old age group patient. FNAC is simple, cost effective, reliable and rapid method for diagnosis of metastatis in cervical lymphnodes. FNAC not only give the diagnosis but also give the clue regarding the origin of primary tumor. Methods: Total 144 cases of metastatic lesions of cervical lymphnode were studied from Aug.13 to July 14 by FNAC in cytology section of pathology department in P.D.U. medical college, Rajkot, (Gujarat) India. Result: Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common metastatic lesions of cervical lymphnode comprising (75 %). Metastatic lesions of cervical lymphnode occur more commonly after age of 40 years and more common in male. In anterior cervical lymphnodes, level I and II lymphnodes usually involved where primary was in mouth – buccal mucosa,tongue and level V lymphnodes (supraclavivular lymphnode) involved where primary was in lung. Conclusion: FNAC is a cost effective, reliable, rapid and inexpensive method for diagnosis of lymphadenopathy. Cytology of Metastatic lesions in cervical lymph nodes gives clue to nature & origin of tumors.