Warning Signs on Short Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination and Correlation With Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination Global Score in Preterm Infants: A Prospective Cohort Study

Objective: To describe the findings of short Hammersmith Neonatal Neurologic examination (HNNE) in preterm small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants at term equivalent age (TEA) and to correlate it with the global score of Hammersmith Infant Neurologic Examination (HINE) performed at 4-6 months of corrected age. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at the high risk follow-up clinic of our center. 52 preterm infants born <35 weeks gestation were examined using HNNE at TEA and followedup till 4-6 months of corrected age to estimate HINE. Results: 20 infants (38.5%) had warning signs and 9 (17.3%) had abnormal signs on short HNNE. 12 (37.5%) AGA infants and 6 (30%) SGA infants had global score <65 at mean corrected age (SD) of 4.3 (0.7) weeks and 4.5 (0.8) weeks, respectively. Very preterm, birth weight <1000 g and SGA was significantly associated with global scores <65. Conclusion: Early identification of warning signs among SGA infants using Short HNNE screening at TEA can be useful to initiate early intervention. There was no statistically significant difference in global scores by HINE among AGA and SGA infants in early infancy.

MRI Abnormalities of the Anterior Temporal Lobe: A New Indicator of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection.

Abnormalities of the anterior part of the temporal lobe (abnormal and swollen white matter, cysts, and focal enlargement of the anterior part of the inferior horn- either alone or more often in combination) suggest congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. This is not widely known.These can be seen in neonatal period and they continue to persist in later life.