ABSTRACT
Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. Various drug treatment protocols using drugs such as Vitamin C, hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir, Tocilizumab, Favipiravir, Interferons, etc. were recommended by governments across globe. Aim and Objectives: The present study aims to assess Drug Prescribing Pattern and Clinical Outcome in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a Dedicated COVID Hospital. Materials and Methods: The present study was of retrospective, analytical type conducted at Government Medical College, Jalgaon which was a Dedicated COVID hospital. Medical records of 111 patients of Covid 19 who received treatment in ICU of Government Medical College, Jalgaon from August 2020 to December 2020 were included in the present study. Results: Out of 111 patients with confirmed Covid19 infection, majority belonged to the age group of 51–60 years (24.3%), followed by 41–50 years (22.5%) and 61–70 years (20.7%). On analyzing the primary drugs prescribed, heparin was most commonly prescribed drug (95.5%) followed by corticosteroid (94.6%), Tocilizumab (39%), Oseltamivir (37%), and Remdesivir (31%). Out of patients who were cured, the majority had received heparin followed by corticosteroid, Oseltamivir, Remdesivir, Oseltamivir, and Tocilizumab. Conclusion: In the present study corticosteroid and heparin were the most commonly prescribed drugs. Clinical outcomes were better in patient who received remdesivir, steroid, and heparin. The present study is an attempt to fill the lacuna of dearth of data on prescribing pattern of various drugs used in the treatment of moderate to severe Covid19 disease.
ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes mellitus is associated with cognitive, neurophysiological, and structural changes in the central nervous system. Aim and Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Ficus benghalensis on cognitive behavior and acetylcholinesterase levels in brain of diabetic rats, and to compare with Piracetam and Glimepiride. Material and Methods: Wistar rats of either sex weighing 150–200 g were randomized into ten groups of ten each (five groups of diabetic rats and five groups of non-diabetic rats) where one group of diabetic and one group of non-diabetic rats each received F. benghalensis dose I (50 mg/kg), F. benghalensis dose II (100 mg/kg), Piracetam (200 mg/kg) and Glimepiride (0.5 mg/kg), and one group of diabetic rats and one group of non-diabetic rats served as the control group. The blood glucose levels were assessed at 0 and 30th days. The assessment of acquisition phase of each cognitive behavior test was done on 0, 14th, and 29th days, whereas retention phase was assessed on 1st, 15th, and 30th days. Results: In comparison with diabetic control group, F. benghalensis at both doses showed significant decrease in blood glucose levels as well as acquisition and retention of Transfer Latency in elevated plus maze on 29th and 30th days, respectively. Further, both doses exhibited significant increase in retention of step-down latency (SDL) on 30th in continuous avoidance apparatus, but only dose II showed significant increase in acquisition of SDL on 29th day. Similarly, significant increase in retention of Quadrant-time in Morris Water Maze was also observed with both doses of F. benghalensis and other groups compared to controls on 30th day. However, significant decrease in brain AChE level, was observed with only F. benghalensis dose II. Conclusion: Overall, the positive effects of F. benghalensis on cognition were comparable to other two groups, namely, Piracetam and Glimepiride. Hence, it can be concluded that F. benghalensis might be effective in alleviating the behavioral and biochemical changes in diabetes mellitus.
ABSTRACT
Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID 19) is a global pandemic since December 2019. The subject expert committee of the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization made recommendations for Restricted Emergency Approval of COVID-19 virus vaccine of M/s Serum Institute of India ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) COVISHIELD™ which was developed at Oxford University. In India, this vaccine was launched on January 16, 2021, and healthcare workers were included first in this vaccination program. Aim and Objectives: This study aimed to record and analyzes all the adverse events following the immunization (AEFI) in healthcare workers for monitoring the safety and find the correlation if any. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study. After obtaining Institutional Ethics committee approval, we collected the data by phone call to the participants within 3 days after the first and second dose of the vaccine. We collected the data from 100 healthcare workers randomly with their consent. Results: The most common adverse effect found was myalgia followed by local pain at the injection site after the first dose. About 92% of participants did not react to the second dose of the vaccine. Conclusion: There were no serious adverse events after the first as well as the second dose of vaccination. More studies and monitoring are needed to find out any unexpected reactions following COVID-19 vaccination.