ABSTRACT
Aim: The study was conducted to screen the tuberose genotypes for nematode resistance and to establish histopathological, biochemical and nutritional changes in resistant/tolerant genotype against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Methodology: Twenty seven tuberose genotypes comprising of two types viz., single (18 genotypes) and double (9 genotypes) were evaluated for root knot nematode resistance. Tuberose bulbs of uniform size were surface sterilized and planted in 9 inch plastic pots and inoculated with nematode juveniles (J2) 15 days after planting. Gall Index was recorded on a 0-5 scale after 120 days of inoculation. Histopathological, biochemical (total phenols, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase) and nutrient estimation studies were conducted on the roots of resistant/tolerant genotypes against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Results: Among the twenty seven tuberose genotypes screened for nematode resistance, Suarna Rekha was categorized as resistant genotype and Arka Shirngar, IIHR-2, IIHR-4, Variegated, IIHR-12, GK-T-C4, Calcutta Double, Bidhan Rajani-2 and Bidhan Rajani-3 were categorized as tolerant genotypes. Histological characterization of resistant/tolerant genotypes revealed that giant cell formation was disrupted with higher number of phenolic cells and cells with lignified cell wall that prevented the successful establishment of nematode feeding site. The resistant and tolerant genotypes significantly recorded higher accumulation of phenols and defence enzymes viz., polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (PO) and phenyl alanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and macro and micro nutrients as compared to susceptible genotypes. Interpretation: Screening of tuberose genotypes for root knot nematode resistance in this study has led to the identification of several nematode resistant/ tolerant genotypes. This would serve as a valuable information for the breeders to utilize resistant/ tolerant genotypes as parents in their breeding programmes.
ABSTRACT
Rhinosporidiosis is primarily an infection of the nose caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. Other sites that can be involved are conjunctiva, urethra, palate, tongue, epiglottis, larynx, trachea, bronchi, skin, vulva, and vagina. It is endemic in certain parts of India and Sri Lanka. The pathogen is difficult to grow in culture and Hematoxylin and Eosin staining helps in confirmation of the etiological agent. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment. Here is a report aimed at documenting a 26-year-old female patient with nasal rhinosporidiosis.
ABSTRACT
Background: The study of dead is to save the livings. The growing awareness that still births and infant mortalities are unable to reduction has led to a wide spread desire for more information regarding the cause of these deaths. Congenital malformations have become important cause of fetal and neonatal (perinatal) mortality in developed countries and would very soon be increasingly important determinants of fetal and neonatal mortality in developing countries like India. In spite of antenatal diagnostic modality still the fetal autopsy plays the vital role in the conformation as well as identification of congenital anomalies and also for the counseling of the parents, to prevent the fetal congenital anomalies in further pregnancies. This study was undertaken with the purpose of finding out cause of death during the perinatal period at government maternity hospital and pediatric department S.V.R.R.G.G.H. & S.V. medical college Tirupati, and to study the clinical and pathological findings (Gross & microscopic) in fetal and neonatal death. Methods: The present study of congenital anomalies in fetal and neonatal deaths was done at S.V. medical college, Tirupati, over a time period of 2 years from September 2008 to 2010 August. Consent for autopsy in requested compassionately, respectfully and fully informed. The present study included dead fetus and neonates with gestational age above 20 weeks of intra uterine life and within 7 days of post natal life. All fetuses of gestational age <20 weeks and all neonates above 7 days of age were excluded from the study. The study also obtained clearance from the ethical committee of the institution. Autopsy was performed by standard technique adopted by Edith L. Potter. External and internal findings followed by histopathological examination, and autopsy findings were compared with available ultrasound findings. Results: A total of 46 Autopsies performed, 40 (87%) were fetal deaths, 6 (13%) were early neonatal deaths. In a total of 46 fetuses, there were 13 male and 33 female babies. On external examination of 46 fetal and Neonatal (perinatal) deaths, 8 (17.39%) babies showed congenital malformation. On internal examination of the 46 fetal and Neonatal (perinatal) deaths, 4 babies showed internal congenital anomalies. A total of 46 anatomical and histopathologic examinations were done among fetal and neonatal (perinatal) deaths. Out of 13 autopsies on male babies, 2 had congenital malformation and 33 autopsies on female babies, 7 had congenital malformations. Congenital anomalies were commonest in the birth weight group of 1000-1500 grams accounting for 9 cases. Malformations of central nervous system (33.33%) were most common followed by musculoskeletal system (16.66%), genitourinary and respiratory system (8.33%) respectively. Conclusion: Most number of perinatal deaths occurred in low birth weight and preterm babies. Study of malformations greatly helpful in genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis in successive pregnancies.