ABSTRACT
Background: Different diagnostic tools are available to evaluate endometrial lesion such as hysteroscopy, sonohysterography and transvaginal ultrasound. The present study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of saline infusion sonohystrography (SIS) in diagnosis of intrauterine lesions in women with postmenopausal bleeding (PMB).Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 100 married women with chief complain of PMB referred to gynecologic clinics at the Zenana hospital, Jaipur from March 2019 to February 2020. All participants were in the post-menopausal period that showed abnormal endometrial thickness (>4 mm) or endometrial focal lesions through transvaginal ultrasound. Participants underwent SIS, hysteroscopy plus endometrial biopsy in order. The gold standard was the histopathology of endometrial specimen reported by pathologist.Results: Mean age of women was 57.14 years. It is evident that sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of SIS for the diagnosis of endometrial atrophy was 79.16%, 100%, 100% and 83.87% respectively which is higher than that of hysteroscopy and equivalent to histopathology. SIS and hysteroscopy are equally efficient in diagnosing endometrial polyp and submucous fibroid. And are better than histopathology. Histopathology is better than SIS and hysteroscopy for the diagnosis of endometrial proliferation.Conclusions: Findings show that, SIS probably is a proper method for detecting endometrial focal lesion including polyps and myomas. Future studies may help to define further advantages of this procedure.
ABSTRACT
Background: To study the effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on pregnancy outcomes and new born as mother to child transmission of HIV is a major route on new infections in children and compare it with HIV uninfected pregnancies.Methods: Prospective comparative study conducted on 40 HIV seropositive and 40 HIV seronegative pregnant women attending ANC and delivering in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, S. M. S. Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.Results: CD4 count had no effect on birth weight of baby or term of delivery. HIV seropositive pregnancies were more prone to IUD, still birth and preterm birth (p=0.029). Mother to child transmission was 2.7%.Conclusions: HIV infection increases the risk of adverse foetal outcome in terms of intrauterine demise, still birth and preterm labour.