Subject(s)
Adolescent , Breast , Choristoma/diagnosis , Female , Genital Diseases, Female/diagnosis , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Perineum , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/diagnosisSubject(s)
Female , Gynecology , HIV Infections/transmission , Humans , Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/prevention & control , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Obstetrics , Occupational Exposure/prevention & control , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Pregnancy Outcome , Protective ClothingABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to look for any time-realted fluctuation in the pancreatic beta cell function in normal offspring of diabetic parents, over a period of three years. Serum insulin (IRI) and C-peptide (CP) responses to oral glucose were reevaluated three years after the initial study in 25 normoglycaemic offspring of conjugal Type 2 diabetic parents. The mean area under the curve of IRI (AUC IRI) response was higher than normal control value in the offspring at both time points (P < 0.01) and the two values did not differ much. The 2 hr IRI was also significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the control value. CP responses at both time points in the offspring did not differ from the mean control value. Wide fluctuations in the individual IRI were noted on follow-up despite similar plasma glucose response. Follow-up IRI was higher in 6, lower in 5 (+/- 25% of the initial) and remained unaltered in the other 4 offspring. The corresponding CP showed increased values in 3, decreased values in 5 and no change in 7 offspring. The fluctuations were nonuniform in nature among the individuals studied. Disparity between the IRI and CP responses were present in 5 offspring during the follow-up. This study thus shows that wide fluctuations in insulin responses occur even in the normoglycaemic offspring of diabetic parents.
Subject(s)
Adult , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Glucose Tolerance Test , Humans , Insulin/blood , Islets of Langerhans/physiology , Male , Middle Aged , Prediabetic State/blood , Reference Values , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Immunoreactive glucagon responses were measured in 21 normoglycaemic adult offspring of non-insulin dependent (Type 2) diabetic parents, in the fasting state and during an oral glucose tolerance test. In 7 of the 21 offspring, the mean fasting immunoreactive glucagon value was significantly lower than the control value (p < 0.001). In this group, glucose stimulation did not produce inhibition of immunoreactive glucagon secretion. The insulin response in this group was not significantly different from the values in the other study groups. In the other 14 offspring, the pattern of glucagon response to glucose stimulation was similar to controls. It is likely that this non-suppressive effect of glucose on immunoreactive glucagon in some of the "prediabetic" individuals is an early change in the alpha cell function during the natural history of non-insulin dependent diabetes in Asian Indian subjects.
Subject(s)
Adult , Analysis of Variance , Blood Glucose/analysis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Female , Glucagon/blood , Glucose Tolerance Test , Humans , India , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
With the increasing use of a variety of surgical methods for sterilisation, certain pitfalls of these surgical decisions are emerging. In the present study 216 cases who underwent sterilisation at least 2 years prior to coming for consultation with various problems have been analysed. Menstrual disturbances like menorrhagia (59.2%), dysmenorrhoea (29.6%) and metrorrhagia (5.56%) are the leading symptoms ascribable to a large extent to the operation if not the fullest extent in some cases. The physical and psychological disturbances that have evolved from sterilisation include pain abdomen (25%), vague abdominal discomfort and backache (14.8%), leucorrhoea (12.03%), obesity (8.34%), insomnia (4.17%), irritability (2.78%), depression (2.78%) and regret (1.39%).
Subject(s)
Abdominal Pain/etiology , Adult , Back Pain/etiology , Female , Humans , Menstruation Disturbances/etiology , Mental Disorders/etiology , Risk Factors , Sterilization, Reproductive/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was estimated by radioimmunoassay in 316 non-insulin dependent diabetic patients (NIDDM), with diabetes for 10 or more years and proteinuria less than 150 mg/24 h. Albuminuria was determined in 24 h collection of urine in 259 patients but in the other 57, a random sample was used. The mean UAE was 23 +/- 45.3 (SD) micrograms/mg creatinine in the patients against 4.4 +/- 2.7 micrograms/mg in the controls (30). Ninety patients (28.5%) had microalbuminuria i.e., the UAE exceeded, 20 micrograms/mg creatinine. A higher percentage (31.7%) of men had microalbuminuria than women (23.6%). The presence of microalbuminuria was similar in the insulin-treated and in oral drug-treated patients (29.6% and 26.5% respectively). Stepwise multiple regression analysis using albumin/creatinine ratio as the dependent variable showed that factors such as blood pressure, blood glucose, HbA1, body mass index, sex, age, duration of diabetes and the association of vascular complications of diabetes did not have significant correlation to microalbuminuria. Creatinine clearance showed a significant inverse correlation to the albumin/creatinine ratio. Although the prevalence of microalbuminuria in NIDDM in this study is not significantly different from those reported from other countries, the morbidity index due to kidney disease could be high due to the large absolute number involved in our country. This underscores the need for early detection of the disease and institution of preventive measures to arrest its progression.