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1.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 13(5): 285-293, May 2003. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-346136

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of BCG vaccination or revaccination on tuberculin skin test reactivity, in order to guide the correct interpretation of this test in a setting of high neonatal BCG vaccination coverage and an increasing BCG revaccination coverage at school age. METHODS: We conducted tuberculin skin testing and BCG scar reading in 1148 children aged 7-14 years old in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. We measured the positive effect of the presence of one or two BCG scars on the proportion of tuberculin skin test results above different cut-off levels (induration sizes of > 5 mm, > 10 mm, and > 15 mm) and also using several ranges of induration size (0, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, and > 15 mm). We also measured the effects that age, gender, and the school where the child was enrolled had on these proportions. RESULTS: The proportion of tuberculin results > 10 mm was 14.2 percent (95 percent confidence interval (CI) = 8.0 percent-20.3 percent) for children with no BCG scar, 21.3 percent (95 percent CI = 18.5 percent-24.1 percent) for children with one BCG scar, and 45.0 percent (95 percent CI = 32.0 percent-58.0 percent) for children with two BCG scars. There was evidence for an increasing positive effect of the presence of one and two BCG scars on the proportion of results > 5 mm and > 10 mm. Similarly, there was evidence for an increasing positive effect of the presence of one and two scars on the proportion of tuberculin skin test results in the ranges of 5-9 mm and of 10-14 mm. The BCG scar effect on the proportion of results > 5 mm and > 10 mm did not vary with age. There was no evidence for BCG effect on the results > 15 mm. CONCLUSIONS: In Brazilian schoolchildren, BCG-induced tuberculin reactivity is indistinguishable, for results under 15 mm, from reactivity induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. BCG revaccination at school age increases the degree of BCG-induced tuberculin reactivity found among schoolchildren. This information should be taken into account in tuberculin skin test surveys intended to estimate M. tuberculosis prevalence or to assess transmission patterns as well as in tuberculin skin testing of individuals used as an auxiliary tool in diagnosing tuberculosis. Taking this information into consideration is especially important when there is increasing BCG revaccination coverage


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , BCG Vaccine , Tuberculin Test , Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology , Brazil , Cicatrix , False Positive Reactions , Immunization, Secondary/statistics & numerical data , Mycobacterium bovis/immunology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data
2.
Rev. saúde pública ; 37(2): 254-259, 2003. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-333779

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Validar a utilizaçäo da cicatriz vacinal de BCG como um indicador de vacinaçäo. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal em 52.348 escolares, entre 6 e 14 anos de idade, que possuíam exame de cicatriz vacinal do BCG e que participaram de um ensaio clínico randomizado e controlado na cidade de Manaus, Brasil. Os dados da leitura da cicatriz vacinal foram comparados com a informaçäo sobre a vacinaçäo passada fornecida pelos cartöes vacinais ou informaçäo dos responsáveis. Em uma subamostra foi realizada leitura dupla com cálculo do coeficiente Kappa. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o Stata 7. RESULTADOS: Do total de 52.348 escolares estudados, 29.254 possuíam informaçäo sobre cicatriz vacinal coletada por meio de carta aos pais, e 4.947 possuíam história de vacinaçäo coletada pelo cartäo de vacinas. Observou-se elevada concordância entre a dupla leitura de cicatriz vacinal (Kappa =0,81). A sensibilidade da leitura de cicatriz vacinal foi 96,6 por cento (95por cento IC 96,0-97,1) e a especificidade foi 71,1 por cento (95 por cento IC 55,7-83,7) quando o padräo ouro utilizado foi a concordância entre a carta aos pais e a informaçäo do cartäo de vacinas. A sensibilidade foi de 96,1 por cento, 97,3 por cento e 95,3 por cento para crianças vacinadas até um mês de idade, até 4 meses e até um ano de idade, respectivamente. CONCLUSOES: Os valores encontrados para sensibilidade e especificidade foram independentes da idade da realizaçäo da leitura de cicatriz vacinal. O exame da cicatriz vacinal mostrou ser um bom indicador para avaliar a situaçäo vacinal referente ao BCG


Subject(s)
BCG Vaccine , Cross-Sectional Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Cicatrix , Vaccination
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