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Cystic hypersecretory carcinoma of the breast is very rare, and has a special histological morphology and immunophenotype. It was understood that it cannot be misdiagnosed as invasive carcinoma of the breast or other benign lesions. This paper reports a case of this tumor treated in our hospital on Apr. 2, 2011. The clinical data, ultrasonic manifestations, histomorphology and immunophenotype were analyzed retrospectively. This study aims to investigate the clinicopathological, immunohistochemistry, diagnosis and prognosis of cystic hypersecretory carcinoma of the breast, so as to improve clinicians’further understanding of it.
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Objective@#To investigate the expression and clinicopathological significance of high mobility group box protein B1 (HMGB1) protein in breast cancer.@*Methods@#The expression of HMGB1 protein in 26 normal breast tissues and 417 invasive breast cancer tissues diagnosed at Dongyang People′s Hospital, Zhejiang Province from 2016 to 2018 were detected by immunohistochemical EnVision method. The relationship between nuclear and cytoplasmic HMGB1 protein expression and clinicopathologic features of breast cancer patients were analyzed.@*Results@#The nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of HMGB1 protein was 80.8% (337/417) and 16.8% (70/417) respectively in breast cancer, and was 46.2%(12/26) and 0(0/26) respectively in normal breast tissue. Both nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of HMGB1 protein in breast cancer were significantly higher than normal breast tissue (P<0.001, P=0.046, respectively). The nuclear expression of HMGB1 protein was also higher in high grade, estrogen receptor (ER) negative, progesterone receptor (PR) negative (P=0.006, P=0.004, P<0.001, respectively); whereas the cytoplasmic expression of HMGB1 protein was also higher in high grade, estrogen receptor (ER) negative, progesterone receptor (PR) negative (P<0.001 in all) breast cancers. Multivariate logistic regression model showed that nuclear HMGB1 expression correlated with histologic grade (OR=2.188, 95%CI=1.078-4.443, P=0.030), while cytoplasmic HMGB1 expression correlated with histologic grade (OR=3.031, 95%CI=1.600-5.742, P=0.001), ER (OR=0.129, 95%CI=0.034-0.494, P=0.003) and TNM staging (OR=3.820, 95%CI=1.042-14.001, P=0.043). Multivariate analysis of Cox proportional hazard model showed that nuclear HMGB1 expression was an independent risk factor for the overall survival of breast cancer patients (HR=0.366, 95%CI=0.138-0.972, P=0.044).@*Conclusion@#Nuclear and cytoplasmic HMGB1 proteins are related to multiple poor prognostic factors in breast cancer, and may be a potential biomarker for breast cancer treatment.
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The clinicopathological features of 5 cases of micropapillary pattern of pure mucinous carcinoma (MPPPMC) of the breast were analyzed retrospectively. In this group, 5 cases of MPPPMC were all premenopausal women, whose age ranged from 37 to 48 years old. 3 cases had axillary lymph node metastasis, 3 cases had modified radical mastectomy, 1 case had breast conserving and sentinel lymph node biopsy, 1 case had breast conserving and axillary lymph node dissection, 1 case had oral endocrine drug and radiotherapy, 4 cases had oral endocrine drug and chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and 2 cases had oral targeted drug herceptin treatment. MPPPMC pattern is a kind of special type of pure mucinous carcinoma and invasive micropapillary carcinoma. The age of onset of this type is younger than that of mucinous carcinoma, and the prognosis of this type is worse than mucinous carcinoma. Whether it is an independent subtype of breast invasive micropapillary carcinoma or mucinous carcinoma has not reached consensus.
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Objective:To study the expression of Resistin protein in breast cancer and to evaluate its significance to clinicopathology.Methods:The immunohistochemical technique, EnVision method, was used to evaluate the expression of Resistinin in 42 cases of normal breast tissues and 145 cases of breast cancer, and to analyze the relationship between Resistin protein expression and clinicopathological characteristics and molecular typing of invasive breast cancer patients.Results:The positive rate and strong positive rate of Resistin protein in normal breast tissue were 23.8% (10/42) and 0.0% (0/42) , respectively, while the positive rate and strong positive rate in invasive breast cancer were 88.3% (128/145) and 24.8% (36/145) . The positive rate and strong positive rate of Resistin protein in invasive breast cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in normal breast tissues (both P=0.000) . The positive rate of Resistin protein in invasive breast cancer was significantly higher in estrogen receptor (ER) -negative patients than in ER-positive patients ( P=0.006) , and it was higher in histological grade III and progesterone receptor (PR) -negative subjects than that of I-II and PR-positive, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P=0.053 and P=0.058, respectively) . The strong positive rate of Resistin protein in histological grade III, ER negative, PR negative and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive was significantly higher than that in histological grade I-II, ER positive, PR positive and HER2 negative ( P=0.001, P=0.001, P=0.001, and P=0.015, respectively) .The positive rate and strong positive rate of Resistin protein in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) were significantly higher than those in other breast cancer subtypes ( P=0.048 and P=0.003, respectively) . Conclusion:Resistin plays an important role in the development of breast cancer and is expected to be a potential anti-cancer therapy biologic marker.
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Objective To study the clinicopathological features of breast invasive micropapillary carcino-ma and its treatment and prognosis. Methods Clinical data, radiological examination, histopathology, immuno-histochemistry, therapeutic regimen and follow-up results of 16 cases of invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast were collected. The clinicopathological features, immunophenotype, imaging findings, treatment and progno sis were retrospectively analyzed. Results All the 16 cases were female, with mean age of 56.3 years(40 to 89 years). Of the 16 patients, 4 cases were pure invasive micropapillary carcinoma, and 12 cases were mixed invasive mi-cropapillary carcinoma. Among the 12 cases of mixed invasive micropapillary carcinoma, 1 case was mixed with invasive ductal carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma and invasive micropapillary carcinoma, and the remaining 11 cas-es were all non-specific invasive ductal carcinoma with invasive micropapillary carcinoma. Out of the 16 cases, 13 (81.25％) were invasive micropapillary carcinoma with axillary lymph node metastasis, axillary lymph node metas tasis which was more than 4 had 7 cases(43.75％), clinical stage Ⅲ had 8 cases(50％). According to the patho-logical results, 16 cases were treated with individualized comprehensive treatment. Of the 16 patients, 14 were fol-lowed up and 2 were lost. Conclusion Breast infiltrating micropapillary carcinoma is a rare type of breast can-cer, with high rate of axillary lymph nodes metastasis, aggressive lymphatic invasiveness, high malignancy degree and poor prognosis.
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Objective@#To study the clinicopathological features of breast invasive micropapillary carcinoma and its treatment and prognosis.@*Methods@#Clinical data, radiological examination, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, therapeutic regimen and follow-up results of 16 cases of invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast were collected. The clinicopathological features, immunophenotype, imaging findings, treatment and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed.@*Results@#All the 16 cases were female, with mean age of 56.3 years (40 to 89 years) . Of the 16 patients, 4 cases were pure invasive micropapillary carcinoma, and 12 cases were mixed invasive micropapillary carcinoma. Among the 12 cases of mixed invasive micropapillary carcinoma, 1 case was mixed with invasive ductal carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma and invasive micropapillary carcinoma, and the remaining 11 cases were all non-specific invasive ductal carcinoma with invasive micropapillary carcinoma. Out of the 16 cases, 13 (81.25%) were invasive micropapillary carcinoma with axillary lymph node metastasis, axillary lymph node metastasis which was more than 4 had 7 cases (43.75%) , clinical stage Ⅲ had 8 cases (50%) . According to the pathological results, 16 cases were treated with individualized comprehensive treatment. Of the 16 patients, 14 were followed up and 2 were lost.@*Conclusion@#Breast infiltrating micropapillary carcinoma is a rare type of breast cancer, with high rate of axillary lymph nodes metastasis, aggressive lymphatic invasiveness, high malignancy degree and poor prognosis.
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Objective To explore the expression and correlation of Fascin-1 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.Methods The immunohistochemical technique,EnVision method,was used to evaluate the expression of Fascin-1 and EGFR in 294 cases of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer,which contains 290 cases of estrogen receptor (ER) positive and 244 cases of progestrone receptor (PR) positive.According to ER,PR,Epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2),and Ki-67 status,all cases of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer were categorized into 2 subtypes:160 cases of luminal A and 134 cases of luminal B.Results Fascin-1 and EGFR protein positive rates in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer was 13.9％ (41/294) and 30.6％ (90/294),respectively.Fascin-1 positive rate was significantly higher in EGFR positive cases (30.0％,27/90) than in EGFR negative cases (6.9％,14/204) (x2 =27.857,P =0.000).In the ER positive and PR positive cases,Fascin-1 positive rates were both significantly higher in EGFR positive cases than in EGFR negative cases (x2 =29.23,P =0.000;x2 =27.596,P =0.000,respectively).In the Luminal A and Luminal B subtype,Fascin-1 positive rates were also both significantly higher in EGFR positive cases than in EGFR negative cases (x2 =23.247,P=0.000;x2 =5.325,P=0.021,respectively).Conclusions EGFR signal pathway may positive regulate Fascin-1 expression in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.
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Objective To explore the expression of Fascin-1 and EGFR in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and non-triple-negative breast cancer (non-TNBC) and its correlation.Methods According to ER,PR,and HER2 status,breast cancer were categorized into 2 subtypes:70 cases of TNBC and 370 cases of non-TNBC.The immunohistochemical technique,EnVision method,was used to evaluate the expression of Fascin-1 and EGFR in breast cancer.Results Expression rate of Fascin-1 and EGFR protein in TNBC was 88.6％(62/70)and 78.6％(55/70),while it was 19.2％(71/370)and 44.3％(164/370)in non-TNBC,respectively.Fascin-1 expression rate was significantly higher in EGFR positive non-TNBC cases (34.8％,57/164) than in EGFR negative cases (6.8％,14/206)(x2=46.032,P=0.000).The positive rate of Fascin-1 protein in EGFR-positive TNBC cases (92.7％,51/55) was higher than that in EGFR negative cases (73.3％,11/15),and the difference had no statistically significance (x2=2.673,P=0.102).Conclusions EGFR signal pathway may positively regulate Fascin-1 expression in non-TNBC.The relationship between EGFR and Fascin-1 in TNBC is needed for further study.
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Objective To study the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (EGFR) protein in breast cancer and its correlation to molecular subtyping and hormone receptor status.Methods 467 cases of breast cancer were included.According to ER,PR,HER2,and Ki-67 status,the cases were categorized into 4 molecular subtypes,including 185 cases of luminal A,109 cases of luminal B,76 cases of HER2-enriched,and 70 cases of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).According to ER and PR status,the cases were divided into 4 subtypes,including 240 cases of ER+/PR+,50 cases of ER+/PR-,4 cases of ER-/PR+,and 173 cases of ER-/PR-.Results EGFR protein expression rates in Luminal A,Luminal B,HER2-enriched and TNBC were 16.8％(31/185),54.1％(59/109),97.4％(74/76),78.6％(55/70),respectively.The EGFR expression in HER2-enriched was significantly higher than those in TNBC,Luminal B and Luminal A(P＜0.01),and EGFR expression in TNBC was significantly higher than those in Luminal B and Luminal A (P＜0.01),furthermore,EGFR expression in Luminal B was significantly higher than that in Luminal A (P＜0.01).EGFR protein expression rates in ER+/PR+ subtype,ER+/PR-subtype,ER-/PR+ subtype and ER-/PR-subtype were 25.4％ (61/240),52.0％ (26/50),75.0％ (3/4),88.4％(153/173),respectively.The EGFR expression in ER-/PR-subtype was significantly higher than in ER+/PR+ subtype and ER+/PR-subtype (P＜0.01),and EGFR expression in ER+/PR-subtype was significantly higher than that in ER+/PR+ subtype (P＜0.01).EGFR protein expression rate was higher in ER-/PR-subtype than in ER-/PR+ subtype,and EGFR protein expression rate was higher in ER-/PR+ subtype than that in ER+/PR+ subtype and ER+/PR-subtype,but all of the difference were not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Conclusion EGFR protein expression is closely related to breast cancer molecular subtyping and negative hormone receptor expression,which is a potential biomarker of anti-breast cancer therapy.
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Objective To study the expression of c -Met protein in gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST) and to evaluate its clinicopathological significance.Methods The immunohistochemical technique,EnVision method was used to evaluate the expression of c -Met in 105 cases of GISTs.Results c -Met protein positive rate in GISTs was 9.52%(10 /105),its expression rate was significantly higher in GISTs with >10 /50HPF mitotic activity(P 5cm,moderate or high -risk,or mass located outside the stomach,but the difference was not statistically significant(P >0.05 ).Conclusion c -Met protein expression may related with risk of GISTs.We think that c -Met is worthy of further study for its potential usage as a evaluation indicators of GISTs clinicobiological behavior.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the accuracy of automated breast volume scanning (ABVS) for the measurement of breast tumor size.MethodsSixty-two breast tumors in 59 patients were included in this study and were examined using conventional ultrasound and ABVS to measure the maximal diameters of the tumors. And the measurement results were compared with the pathological maximal diameters.Results There were 21 malignant and 41 benign tumors according to histopathological evaluation. There were no signifi cant differences between the maximal diameters on ABVS and on pathological measurements for both benign tumors and malignant tumors (Z=1.761, 0.262,P=0.078, 0.794). However, for malignant tumors, the maximal diameters on conventional ultrasound were significantly smaller than those on pathological measurements (Z=3.743,P=0.000). For benign tumors, the maximal diameters on conventional ultrasound were similar with those on pathological measurements (Z=1.935,P=0.053). The measurement values of conventional ultrasound and ABVS were both positively correlated with those on pathological values (r=0.935, 0.964,r=0.870, 0.964). And the correlation coeffi cients between ABVS and pathological measurement values were higher than those between conventional ultrasound and pathological measurement values for both benign and malignant tumors. ConclusionABVS can assess the size of breast tumor more accurately than conventional ultrasound, especially for the malignant tumors.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression of fascin-1 protein in breast cancer and to evaluate its correlation with clinicopathologic features of the tumor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunohistochemical EnVision method was performed to evaluate the expression of fascin-1 in 23 cases of normal breast tissues, 69 cases of benign breast lesions, 58 cases of usual ductal hyperplasia (UDH), 61 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 221 cases of breast cancer from March 2007 to December 2011.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fascin-1 protein expression rates in normal breast tissues, benign breast lesions, UDH, DCIS and breast cancer were 100.0% (23/23), 89.9% (62/69), 13.8% (8/58), 19.7% (12/61), and 42.1% (93/221), respectively. Fascin-1 expression in normal breast tissues and benign breast lesions was significantly higher than those in UDH, DCIS and breast cancer (P < 0.01); Fascin-1 expression in breast cancer was significantly higher than those in UDH and DCIS (P < 0.01). There was a tendency of increased fascin-1 expression in DCIS compared to UDH, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Fascin-1 positive rates in patients with DCIS grade III (26.8%, 11/41) was significantly higher than that in patients with DCIS grade I-II (1/20, P < 0.05). Fascin-1 protein expression in breast cancer increased with increasing histologic grade and clinical stage (P < 0.01). Fascin-1 protein expression was also significantly higher in tumors with negative estrogen receptor (ER) and progestone receptor (PR) status and > 3 axillary lymph node metastases compared to tumors that were ER and PR positive and ≤ 3 axillary lymph node metastases (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Logistic regression analysis showed that fascin-1 expression correlated positively with high clinical stage (OR = 1.568, 95% CI = 1.029-2.387, P < 0.05) , but negatively with ER expression (OR = 0.149, 95% CI = 0.079-0.281, P < 0.01) .</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Fascin-1 is highly expressed in normal breast tissues and benign breast lesions, suggesting that it may be a biological marker of mature mammary ductal epithelium. Fascin-1 protein expression shows a significantly increasing trend from UDH, DCIS to invasive breast cancer, suggesting that fascin-1 plays an important role in breast carcinogenesis and may be a potential target for therapy.</p>