study of 100 children with enteric fever

This study was conducted at the Department of Paediatric Medicine at National Institute of Child Health [NICH], Karachi, from January, 2003 to December, 2003. Hundred children were admitted with Enteric fever and studied prospectively. These accounted for about 1% of the total admissions. Inclusion criteria was positive blood and / or bone marrow culture. Majority of patients [95] had blood culture positive for Salmonella typhi. Salmonella para-typhLA found in 3 cases and Salmonella para-typhi B in 2 cases only. Bone marrow culture was positive in 25% patients. Majority of the isolates were sensitive to all the primary and the 3rd generation cephalosporins. The patients were between the ages of 5-10 years. Male to female ratio was 2:1. Presenting symptoms were mainly fever, vague abdominal symptoms, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache and cough. One patient presented with a picture of hepatic failure with favorable outcome. Two patients developed arthritis and one developed enteric perforation with fatal outcome

Paediatric urolithiasis as a cause of chronic renal failure

To study the clinical presentation of chronic renal failure [CRF] due to urolithiasis. Type of Study: Descriptive study Place and Duration Study: The study was conducted at National Institute of Child Health, Karachi from January 2002 to June 2002. Patients And Inclusion criteria: [1] Presence of features of CRF, [2] Creatinine clearance less than 25%. This was measured by using Schwartz formula. Creatinine clearance = Height in cm x 0.55 Serum creatinine All patients under went detailed history and clinical examination. Radioimaging was performed in all cases. Total number of patients was 50. Males were 44[88%]. Most common cause of CRF was bilateral renal stone. Common presenting symptoms were anemia [90%] and growth retardation [80%]. Significant number of patients were hypertensive. Surgery was done to remove stone in 25 cases. Most common type of stone removed was calcium oxalate [48%]. Early detection and prompt treatment of renal stone can prevent progress to CRF and its sequale ERSD