Association among measures of mobility-related disability and self-perceived fatigue among older people: a population-based study

Objective: To investigate the relationship between self-perceived fatigue with different physical functioning tests and functional performance scales used for evaluating mobility-related disability among community-dwelling older persons. Method: This is a cross-sectional, population-based study. The sample was composed of older persons with 65 years of age or more living in Cuiabá, MT, and Barueri, SP, Brazil. The data for this study is from the FIBRA Network Study. The presence of self-perceived fatigue was assessed using self-reports based on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale. The Lawton instrumental activities of daily living scale (IADL) and the advanced activities of daily living scale (AADL) were used to assess performance and participation restriction. The following physical functioning tests were used: five-step test (FST), the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and usual gait speed (UGS). Three models of logistic regression analysis were conducted, and a significance level of α<0.05 was adopted. Results: The sample was composed of 776 older adults with a mean age (SD) of 71.9 (5.9) years, of whom the majority were women (74%). The prevalence of self-perceived fatigue within the participants was 20%. After adjusting for covariates, SPPB, UGS, IADL, and AADL remained associated with self-perceived fatigue in the final multivariate regression model. Conclusion: Our results suggest that there is an association between self-perceived fatigue and lower extremity function, usual gait speed and activity limitation and participation restriction in older adults. Further cohort studies are needed to investigate which physical performance measure may be able to predict the negative impact of fatigue in older adults. .

Reflexo de gag em jovens e idosos sem indícios de disfagia orofaríngea / Gag reflex in young and old without evidence of oropharyngeal dysphagia

Introdução: A disfagia, muito comum em idosos, interfere negativamente na saúde humana. Identifi cá-la o quanto antes requer procedimentos adequados, dentre esses a pesquisa do refl exo de gag é uma questão controversa. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: verifi car o gag, (refl exo de vômito), e o seu local de disparo em jovens e idosos sem indício de disfagia orofaríngea; comparar a ocorrência do gag e o local de disparo entre jovens e idosos; comparar a ocorrência do gag desta amostra aos da literatura (indivíduos sem e com disfagia). Material e Método:Testou-se o gag em 15 jovens e 15 idosos saudáveis, verifi cando-se ocorrência, tipo de gag e local de disparo, comparando os grupos entre si e com a literatura (Teste qui-quadrado de Pearson). Resultados: 80% dos jovens e dos idosos apresentaram gag. O local de disparo nos jovens foi igual à dos idosos (p=0,23). A presença e a ausência do gag nos jovens foi igual à literatura (p=0,17). A ausência nos idosos foi maior do que a literatura (p<0,001). Quando considerada toda a amostra, a ausência de gag e do hiper-gag foi maior do que a literatura (p<0,001), e a do gag normal, menor (p<0,001). Comparados aos sujeitos disfágicos (literatura), não houve diferenças quanto à ausência, mas sim quanto à presença de gag (normal e exacerbado) (p<0,001). Conclusões: Não houve relação entre o gag, nem locais de disparo, e a idade. A ocorrência do gag desta amostra se equiparou a um estudo com indivíduos saudáveis, e discordou de outro. Não houve relação entre o gag e a deglutição.

Introdution: Dysphagia is common in elderly patients and has negative effects in human health. To detect it as soon as possible it is necessary to use appropriated methods, being the gag testing controversial. The aims of this paper were: to verify the gag refl ex and the structure where it was defl agrated in young and elderly subjects without suspected oropharyngeal dysphagia; to compare these groups (young and elderly); to compare the gag presence to the literature data (dysphagic and non-dysphagic people). Material and Method: The gag refl ex was tested in 15 healthy youngsters and 15 healthy elderly individuals to verify the presence and type of gag and place it was defl agrated, comparing the data between young and elderly and these to the literature (Pearson's Chi-Square Test). Results: 80% of young and elderly had gag. The structure in which it was defl agrated was the same in both groups (p=0,23). The presence and absence of gag in young subjects was the same as data found in literature (p=0,17). The absent gag was greater than literature reports (p<0,001). When considered together, young and older people had absent and exacerbated gag as frequently as the literature reports (p<0,001), and inferior to normal gag references (p<0,001). Compared to dysphagic subjects (literature), the absent gag was equal, but gag and hipergag were different (p<0,001). Conclusions: There was no relationship between age, gag and place it was defl agrated. The occurrence of gag in this paper was the same to some healthy people, but different from others cited by literature. There was no relationship between gag and deglutition.

Introducción: La disfagia, muy común en los adultos mayores, afecta negativamente a la salud humana. Identifi carla lo antes posible requiere procedimientos adecuados, entre ellos, la búsqueda del refl ejo de gag es una questión polemica. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: determinar el gag (refl ejo de vomito) y su lugar de disparo en jóvenes y adultos mayores sin ocurrencia de la disfagia orofaríngea; comparar la ocurrencia del gag y el lugar de disparo entre los jóvenes y adultos mayores, comparar la ocurrencia del gag de esta muestra a los de la literatura (personas con y sin disfagia). Material y método: el gag fue probada en 15 jóvenes y 15 adultos mayores sanos, para verifi car la ocurrencia, tipo de gag y lugar de disparo, comparando los grupos entre sí y con la literatura (Test Chi cuadrado de Pearson). Resultados: 80% de los jóvenes y de los adultos mayores presentaron gag. El lugar de disparo en los jovenes fue similar al de los adultos mayores (p = 0,23). La presencia y la ausencia del gag en los jovenes fue igual al de la literatura (p = 0,17). La ausencia en los adultos mayores fue superior al de la literatura (p <0001). Considerando la totalidad de la muestra, la ausencia de gag y hiper-gag fue superior al de la literatura (p <0,001), y la de gag normal, inferior (p <0001). Comparados a los sujetos disfágicos (literatura), no hubo diferencias en la ausencia, pero si en la presencia de gag (normal y exacerbado) (p <0,001). Conclusiones: No hubo relación entre el gag, o lugares de disparo, y la edad. La aparición de gag de esta muestra se equiparó a un estudio con sujetos sanos, y discordó de otro. No hubo relación entre gag y la deglución.

Análise clínica da deglutiçäo e dificuldades de alimentaçäo de idosos desnutridos em acompanhamento ambulatorial / Clinical analysis of swallowing and difficulties in feeding malnourished elderly ambulatory patients

Visa verificar se pacientes idosos acompanhados em ambulatório, com diagóstico de desnutriçäo, apresentam também dificuldades de deglutiçäo. Para tanto, nove idosos desnutridos de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 64 e 86 anos, foram submetidos a avaliaçäo fonoaudiológica específica para identificaçäo de alteraçöes em fase oral de deglutiçäo. Concluiu-se que idosos desnutridos säo mais susceptíveis ao desenvolvimento de alteraçöes de deglutiçäo, necessitando da atuaçäo conjunta de nutricionistas e fonoaudiólogos para que as dificuldades presentes sejam sanadas, prevenindo o aparecimento de outras alteraçöes e garantindo a melhoria da qualidade de vida

A relaçäo entre o uso de aparelho de amplificaçäo sonora individual - AASI - e a melhora da funçäo cognitiva no envelhecimento / The links between hearing aid usage and the better of auditory perception and selective attention in aging

Descreve a importância do uso do aparelho de amplificaçäo sonora individual para melhora das funçöes cognitivas em idosos com deficiência auditiva

Prevençäo da pneumonia aspirativa em enfermaria geriátrico-gerontoloógica: descriçäo das condutas fonoaudiológicas / Preventing aspiration pneumonia in the geriatric-gerontological ward: a description of phonoaudiologic measures

Descreve as condutas fonoaudiológicas estabelecidas no início da internaçäo do paciente e relatar as modificaçöes realizadas nestas condutas ao longo desta hospitalizaçäo