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We report the case of a 1-year-old female with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) after three administrations of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) according to the immunization schedule for children in Japan. Blood culture detected Streptococcus pneumoniae 24B, which is a non-vaccine serotype. In Japan, PCV7 introduced in 2010 reduced the number of IPD patients under 5 years of age. However, the number of children under 5 years of age with IPD due to non-vaccine serotypes gradually increased after 2014 even though PCV13 was introduced in 2013. Pneumococcal vaccination cannot completely prevent IPD. Therefore, medical practitioners should pay attention to IPD due to non-vaccine serotypes.
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Objective@#To investigate clinicopathological, cytogenetic features and differential diagnoses of high grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (HGESS) with BCOR gene rearrangement.@*Methods@#Five cases of HGESS with BCOR rearrangement were collected from consultant files (2016-2018) at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. Interphase FISH was performed using a dual color break-apart probe. The clinical data, histologic features and immunohistochemical findings were reviewed.@*Results@#All 5 cases occurred in adult women with a median age of 48 (range, 45-55) years. Abdominal pain and abnormal vaginal bleeding were the most common symptoms. Microscopically, the tumors showed mainly tongue-like and/or intersecting myometrial invasion. Stromal myxoid matrix and/or collagen plaques were prominent in all the cases. Most tumors consisted of uniform, haphazard fascicles of short spindle cells with mild to moderate nuclear atypia. Mitotic figures and necrosis were easily identified. Significant nuclear pleomorphism was not seen. Most tumors were rich in thick-walled small vessels. Prominent perivascular tumor cell whorling seen in conventional low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma was not seen. All tumors expressed CD10 with only focal or absent desmin, SMA and/or h-caldesmon staining. ER or PR expression was seen in 4 tumors and 1 tumor showed both marker expression. Diffuse cyclin D1 was present in 2 tumors. BCOR immunoreactivity was present with strong staining in 3 cases and moderate staining in 1 case respectively. Ki-67 index ranged from 10% to 30%. Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed chromosomal aberration of BCOR gene in all tumors, that were previously diagnosed as myxoid leiomyosarcoma (2 cases), spindle cell uterine sarcoma (2 cases) and low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (1 case). Limited follow-up information revealed that 3/5 patients developed tumor recurrence, metastasis or death within one year.@*Conclusion@#BCOR rearranged HGESS has distinct morphological features and aggressive clinical behavior. In the presence of significant overlapping morphologic features between BCOR rearranged HGESS and other myxoid uterine mesenchymal tumors, especially myxoid leiomyosarcoma, molecular analysis is essential for accurate diagnoses.
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Objective@#To investigate the expression of SMARCA4 (BRG1) and SMARCB1 (INI-1) protein in endometrial dedifferentiated carcinoma (DDC) and undifferentiated carcinoma (UDC), and their correlation with clinicopathologic features.@*Methods@#Clinicopathological information was gathered for 26 cases of DDC and UDC and consulting hospitals from January, 2006 to December, 2018 in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, including 10 cases of DDC and 16 cases of UDC. Morphologic features and diagnosis were reviewed by two pathologists. Immunohistochemistry for expression of BRG1 and INI1 protein was performed. The correlations with clinicopathologic features were analyzed.@*Results@#BRG1 and INI1 loss were present in 14 of 26 cases of DDC/UDC, including 12 BRG1-deficient cases and 2 INI1-deficient cases, respectively. Six cases demonstrated variable amounts of rhabdoid cells in 14 BRG1/INI1-deficient cases, and only 1 case showed rhabdoid cells in the 12 intact expression cases. However, there was no significantly statistical difference (P=0.060). Age, invasive depth, lymph node status and FIGO stage were not associated with the expression of the BRG1 and INI1 (P=0.437, P=0.672, P=0.242, P=0.348). Remarkably, the BGR1/INI1-deficient patients had worse survival than those with intact expression (4.7 vs. 22.9, P=0.033).@*Conclusion@#BRG1/INI1-deficient is observed in approximately half of DDC and UDC. Identification of these tumors is clinically relevant due to their more aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. Hence, BRG1 and INI1 immunohistochemical stains should be performed for DDC and UDC in order to help the pathologists to distinguish these tumors from other carcinomas, and to predict the clinical prognosis.
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Objective@#To describe the clinicopathologic features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ovarian carcinoid tumors.@*Methods@#A retrospective chart review was performed of all patients diagnosed with primary ovarian carcinoid tumors at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre from 2007 to 2017.@*Results@#The histologic analysis of these carcinoid tumors revealed 3 were insular, 1 was trabecular, 1 was mucinous, and 10 were strumal. Histologic features of insular and trabecular carcinoid were similar to other parts of the neuroendocrine tumor. Strumal carcinoid was composed of thyroid tissue intimately admixed with carcinoid tumor, showing trabecular pattern. Mucinous carcinoid was resembles Krukenberg tumor. Most ovarian carcinoid tomours were diffusely positive with at least one neuroendocrine marker, especially synaptophysin (14/14) and CD56(9/10). The median follow-up time was 53 months, 1 patient with squamous-cell carcinoma of cervixrecur rence in vaginal after 37 months, and only 1 patient died of disease. The remaining patients were disease-free survival.@*Conclusions@#Primary carcinoid of the ovary is a very rare low grade malignant monodermal teratomas and somatic-type tumours arising from a dermoid. The diagnosis and differential diagnosis mainly relies on the histopathologic characteristics and the immuno-phenotype. Primary ovarian carcinoid almost always exhibit a benign clinical behavious except mucinous carcinoid.
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Objective To observe the changes of serum aldosterone(ALD)in children with patent ductus arteriosus(PDA)at before and after interventional therapy,and explore its relationship with cardiac remodeling and its clinical significance.Methods Serum ALD level taken in supine position,left heart chambers sizes and heart f unction in children with PDA were measured and compared before,24 hours part intervention and at 1 month and 3 months after.The relationship between ALD and the left heart chambers sizes and the heart function were analyzed.Results Serum ALD levels were significantly lower 24 hours,1 month and 3 months than the pre-procedure levels [(348.44± 54.27)pmol/L vs.(311.35±50.34)pmol/L vs.(258.14±50.56)pmol/L vs.(199.09±48.12)pmol/L,F=18.98,P＜0.05].The lef t atrial diameter indexes[(42.33±6.44)mm/m2 vs.(36.22±5.33)mm/m2 vs.(35.54±5.36)mm/m2 vs.(34.26±4.32)mm/m2,F=12.18,P ＜ 0.05] and the lef t ventricular end diastolic diameter indexes [(69.34±7.43)mm/m2 vs.(67.43±6.33)mm/m2 vs.(66.35±6.56)mm/m2 vs.(60.54±5.34)mm/m2,F=11.71,P＜0.05] were also lower at 24 hours,1 month and 3 months after intervention than pre-procedure measurements.The left ventricular end systolic diameter indexes measured at 24 hours,1 mouth and 3 mouths after intervention were all lower as compared to pre-procedure condition[(39.43±8.32)mm/m2 vs.(38.47±7.45)mm/m2 vs.(36.85±5.43)mm/m2 vs.(35.63±5.34)mm/m2,F=13.13,P ＜ 0.05].There was relevance between the serum ALD level and the left heart chamber size indexes(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Early interventional therapy for PDA can reverse the activation of aldosterone secretion and cardiac remodeling.
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Objective To observe the efficacy of Shenfu Yangrong Decoction combined with routine Western therapy in the treatment of viral myocarditis (VMC) of Ⅰ– Ⅲ grades in children. Methods Totally 100 cases of VMC children were selected and divided into observation group and control group according to random number table method, with 50 cases in both groups. The control group was treated with routine Western therapy, while the observation group was combined with Shenfu Yangrong Decoction based on the control group, one dosage a day, twice a day, orally. The TCM syndrome scores, the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-17, IL-27 and nuclear factor - κB (NF-κB), the levevs of troponin Ⅰ (cTnⅠ) and cardiac free fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) before and after treatment in both groups were compared, and the total incidence of adverse reactions during treatment was monitored. Results The total effective rate was 90% (45/50) in the observation group and 74% (37/50) in the control group. The observation group was significantly higher than the control group (χ2=4.336, P=0.037). Compared with before treatment, the scores of the main symptoms, the scores of the secondary symptoms, and the total scores of the two groups decreased significantly after treatment (P＜0.01). Comparing the two groups after treatment, the scores of main symptoms, scores of secondary symptoms and total scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P＜0.05, P＜0.01). Compared with before treatment, serum IL-17, NF-κB, cTnⅠ, H-FABP levels were significantly reduced (P＜0.01), while serum IL-27 levels were significantly increased (P＜0.01) in both group. After treatment, the levels of serum IL-17, NF-κB, cTnⅠ, and H-FABP in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P＜0.01), and serum IL-27 level in the observation group was significantly higher than in the control group (P＜0.01). The adverse reaction rate was 12% (6/50) in the observation group and 8% (4/50) in the control group, without statistical significance between the two groups (χ2=0.368, P=0.544). Conclusion Shenfu Yangrong Decoction combined with routine Western therapy for the treatment of viral myocarditis children of Ⅰ– Ⅲ grades can effectively reduce the symptoms of patients, inhibit inflammation, reduce myocardial injury, with high safety.
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BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine is the preferred diagnostic tool for pathologic conditions affecting the spine. However, in patients receiving epidural corticosteroid injection (ESI) for treatment of spinal diseases, there is a possibility of misreading of MR images because of air or fluid in the epidural space after the injection. Therefore, we defined the characteristics of abnormal changes in MRI findings following an ESI in patients with low back pain. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 133 patients who underwent MRI of the lumbar spine within 7 days after ESI between 2006 and 2015.All patients were administered an ESI using a 22-gauge Tuohy needle at the lumbar spine through the interlaminar approach. The epidural space was identified by the loss of resistance technique with air. RESULTS: The incidences of abnormal changes in MRI findings because of ESI were 54%, 31%, and 25% in patients who underwent MRI at approximately 24 h, and 2 and 3 days after ESI, respectively. Abnormal MRI findings included epidural air or fluid, needle tracks, and soft tissue changes. Epidural air, the most frequent abnormal finding (82%), was observed in 41% of patients who underwent MRI within 3 days after injection. Abnormal findings due to an ESI were not observed in MR images acquired 4 days after ESI or later. CONCLUSIONS: Pain physicians should consider the possibility of abnormal findings in MR images acquired after epidural injection using the interlaminar approach and the loss of resistance technique with air at the lumbar spine.
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Humans , Artifacts , Epidural Space , Glucocorticoids , Incidence , Injections, Epidural , Low Back Pain , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Medical Records , Needles , Spinal Diseases , SpineABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Both Cultispher microcarrier and fibrin can act as carriers in cartilage tissue engineering, but their application is limited by poor mechanical properties and poor plasticity.OBJECTIVE: To combine Cultispher microcarrier carrying chondrocytes with fibrin glue to construct Gultispher/fibrin composite scaffold, and to investigate the effect of this composite scaffold in the articular cartilage repair in a rabbit model. METHODS: Rabbit chondrocyte and Cultispher microcarriers were co-cultured in a stirred bioreactor until the chondrocytes adhered to and proliferated quickly on the microcarrier surface. Chondrocytes-seeded microcarries were then combined with fibrin glue to construct microcarrier/fibrin glue composite scaffolds, to repair trochlear cartilage defects of the knee joint in the rabbit model. In the experiment, three different treatments were respectively done for repair of cartilage defects, including implantation of chondrocytes-seeded microcarries/fibrin glue composite scaffold (MCF group), implantation of Gultispher/fibrin composite scaffold (MF group), and no treatment (blank control group). At 3 and 6 months after surgery, gross observation, histological evaluation, pathological evaluation and Micro-CT scanning were conducted to evaluate the cartilage repair effects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Gross observation showed that the MCF group achieved better effect on cartilage repair, compared to the other two groups. Histopathological evaluation revealed hyaline-like cartilage tissues in the MCF group while fibrocartilage tissues were seen in the other two groups, shown by safranin O staining and sirius red staining.Micro-CT scanning results showed better subchondral bone remodeling was found in the MCF group than the other two groups. Gross observation and pathological observation showed better outcomes in the MCF group than the MF and blank control groups. To conclude, the chondrocyte-seeded Cultispher microcarrier/fibrin glue composite scaffold succeeds in the articular cartilage repair.
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Objective@#To investigate the role of JAZF1 gene rearrangement in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of endometrial stromal sarcomas by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).@*Methods@#JAZF1 gene rearrangement was analyzed by FISH in 129 cases of ESS diagnosed from January 2008 to December 2016 including 105 cases of low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LG-ESS), 21 cases of high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (HG-ESS) and 3 cases of undifferentiated uterine sarcoma (UUS). Sixteen cases of the related tumours in uterus were also collected as control group. The results were compared with our previous studies of JAZF1/JJAZ1 fusion gene in ESS by RT-PCR.@*Results@#Detection of JAZF1 gene rearrangement by FISH was successfully analyzed in 144 cases. JAZF1 gene alteration was detected in 63 cases, all of which were LG-ESS, with an overall positivity of 60.6% (63/104), while no JAZF1 gene rearrangement was found in all other cases. JAZF1 gene rearrangement was present in LG-ESS with classic histology (69.3%, 52/75), smooth muscle differentiation (2/10), sex cord-like differentiation (4/5), fibromyxoid change (1/5), clear cell change (0/1), skeletal muscle differentiation (0/1), and schwannoma-like palisading pattern (0/1). The different components in all the cases of LG-ESS with variant histology had the clonal origin, with or without JAZF1 gene alteration. Compared to the results of JAZF1/JJAZ1 fusion gene by RT-PCR, the positive rate of JAZF1 gene rearrangement in LG-ESS by FISH (61.9%, 26/42) was significantly higher than that of RT-PCR (30.0%, 12/40; P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#JAZF1 gene rearrangement is present only in LG-ESS, but not in HG-ESS, UUS or other related tumours in uterus. The frequency of JAZF1 gene rearrangement varies between classic LG-ESS and different morphologic variants. It is frequently, but not consistently, present in classic LG-ESS and less often positive in variant cases. The results of JAZF1 gene alterations in LG-ESS with different morphologic variants support the contention that the endometrial stromal and their variant morphologic components have the same clonal origin. Detection of JAZF1 gene rearrangement by FISH is very useful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ESS.
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BACKGROUND: Both Cultispher microcarrier and fibrin can act as carriers in cartilage tissue engineering, but their application is limited by poor mechanical properties and poor plasticity.OBJECTIVE: To combine Cultispher microcarrier carrying chondrocytes with fibrin glue to construct Gultispher/fibrin composite scaffold, and to investigate the effect of this composite scaffold in the articular cartilage repair in a rabbit model. METHODS: Rabbit chondrocyte and Cultispher microcarriers were co-cultured in a stirred bioreactor until the chondrocytes adhered to and proliferated quickly on the microcarrier surface. Chondrocytes-seeded microcarries were then combined with fibrin glue to construct microcarrier/fibrin glue composite scaffolds, to repair trochlear cartilage defects of the knee joint in the rabbit model. In the experiment, three different treatments were respectively done for repair of cartilage defects, including implantation of chondrocytes-seeded microcarries/fibrin glue composite scaffold (MCF group), implantation of Gultispher/fibrin composite scaffold (MF group), and no treatment (blank control group). At 3 and 6 months after surgery, gross observation, histological evaluation, pathological evaluation and Micro-CT scanning were conducted to evaluate the cartilage repair effects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Gross observation showed that the MCF group achieved better effect on cartilage repair, compared to the other two groups. Histopathological evaluation revealed hyaline-like cartilage tissues in the MCF group while fibrocartilage tissues were seen in the other two groups, shown by safranin O staining and sirius red staining.Micro-CT scanning results showed better subchondral bone remodeling was found in the MCF group than the other two groups. Gross observation and pathological observation showed better outcomes in the MCF group than the MF and blank control groups. To conclude, the chondrocyte-seeded Cultispher microcarrier/fibrin glue composite scaffold succeeds in the articular cartilage repair.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic features of small cell carcinoma of ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) and to evaluate the diagnostic significance of loss of SMARCA4 expression.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinicopathologic characteristics of 5 cases of SCCOHT were reviewed. The expression of SMARCA4 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in the cases of SCCOHT and 240 cases of other primary malignant tumors of ovary and peritoneum.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean and medium age of these patients was 30 years and 28 years, respectively. The presenting symptoms included abdominal pain, distention and a pelvic mass. Hypercalcemia was found in 3 patients. The maximum diameter of tumors ranged from 13.5 to 22.0 cm. Extraovarian spread was demonstrated in all of the patients on presentation. Histologically, the tumors were composed of closely packed small round cells with scanty cytoplasm, hyperchromatic nuclei and irregular chromatin clumps. The tumor cells grew in sheets, nests, cords or trabecular pattern. Follicle-like spaces were observed in 4 cases. Three of the tumors contained large cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Spindle cell morphology was found in 1 case. There were 2 cases with myxoid or hyaline stroma. Four out of five of SCCOHT cases showed loss of SMARCA4 protein while only 6.3% (15/240) of the other primary malignant tumors of ovary and peritoneum , including undifferentiated carcinoma (1/5), high-grade serous carcinoma (4.6%, 5/109), endometrioid carcinoma (7.7%, 2/26), clear cell carcinoma (1/9), mucinous carcinoma (1/5), mixed carcinoma (4.9%, 3/61), carcinosarcoma (1/9) and high-grade serous carcinoma of peritoneum (1/9), were negative.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SCCOHT is a rare malignant tumor and often misdiagnosed as other types of ovarian small cell tumor. Loss expression of SMARCA4 protein is characteristic and facilitates the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of SCCOHT.</p>
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Adult , Female , Humans , Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous , Carcinoma, Small Cell , Genetics , Metabolism , Pathology , DNA Helicases , Genetics , Metabolism , Hypercalcemia , Pathology , Immunohistochemistry , Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial , Genetics , Metabolism , Pathology , Nuclear Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Ovarian Neoplasms , Genetics , Metabolism , Pathology , Transcription Factors , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical utility of short tandem repeats(STR) genotyping technique for diagnosis of partial hydatidiform moles (PHM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ten cases with the original diagnosis of PHM and six cases diagnosed as "favour PHM" or "abnormal villous, PHM not excluded" were selected for the study. The clinical information and follow-up data were reviewed. Histopathologic features were evaluated along with p57 immunohistochemistry. After DNA extraction from each sample, genotyping was performed by AmpFlSTR(®) Identifiler™ PCR kit to amplify 15 STR polymorphism loci plus the amelogenin gender-determining in a single robust PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The age of patients ranged from 18 to 49 years (mean=29 years, median=29 years). Two villous populations (7/16), irregular villous contour (13/16), at least moderate trophoblastic hyperplasia (2/16), cistern formation (8/16), syncytiotrophoblastic knuckles (14/16), trophoblastic pseudoinclusions (6/16) and nucleated fetal red blood cells (8/16) were presented in these cases. Of the cases in the study, STR genotyping identified 4 monospermic complete hydatidiform moles (MCM), 3 dispermic partial hydatidiform moles (DPM) and 9 hydropic abortions (HA). The misdiagnosis rate was 13/16 only relied on morphology evaluation. Immunostaining of p57 showed 3/4 of MCM were focally positive (<5%-20%+), 1/4 of MCM were diffusely positive (70%+), 3/3 of DPM were diffusely positive (≥50%+), 7/9 of HA were diffusely positive (≥50%+), and 2/9 of HA were focally positive (10%+).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Combination of histomorphologic evaluation and p57 immunostaining is insufficient for a definitive diagnosis of PHM. STR genotyping offers an accurate diagnosis of PHM.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Abortion, Spontaneous , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p57 , Metabolism , Genotype , Genotyping Techniques , Hydatidiform Mole , Diagnosis , Genetics , Immunohistochemistry , Microsatellite Repeats , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Trophoblasts , Pathology , Uterine Neoplasms , Diagnosis , GeneticsABSTRACT
Background Light stimulation at different wavelength influences the development of eyes.It has been showed that blue light can inhibit the growth of eyeball.To study whether blue light exposure can delay the extension of myopia is an interested research project.Objective This study was to investigate the effect of blue light with short wavelength on ocular growth in form deprived myopia (FDM) in guinea pigs and provide a new option for the prevention and treatment of myopia.Methods Thirty-six 2-week-old guinea pigs were reared in the environment of white light.The right eyes of the animals were occluded to establish the FDM models.The models were randomized into the deocclusion + blue light exposure group,simple deocclusion group and continuous occlusion group according to the random number table.The right eyes of the models were deoccluded for 1 hour per day to give the blue light (430 nm) irradiation in the deocclusion + blue light exposure group,and the right eyes were deoccluded for 1 hour per day only in the simple deocclusion group.In the continuous occlusion group,the right eyes of the models were occluded until the end of this experiment.Anterior chamber depth (ACD),lens thickness (LT) and vitreous cavity depth (VCD) were measured by A-type sonography.The binocular diopter of the guinea pigs was detected using retinoscopy in the mydriatic condition.In the fourth week after experiment,the retinal sections were prepared for the regular histopathological examination,and the scleral tissues next to 1 mm from optical nerve were exacted to obtain the dry weight of scleral tissues.Results In the right eyes of the animals,no significant differences were found in the diopter,ACD,LT and VCD before experiment among the 3 groups (all at P＞0.05).At the end of experiment,the refraction of right eye in the deocclusion + blue light exposure group,simple deocclusion group and continuous occlusion group was (+1.11±0.17)D,(+0.90±0.15)D and (-2.73±0.19)D respectively,with a significant difference among them (F=1 445.470,P=0.000).The VCD in the three groups was (3.70±0.09) mm,(3.78±0.11) mm and (3.91 ± 0.08) mm,respectively,showing a significant difference (F =13.243,P＜0.01).In addition,the dry weight of sclera tissues was (0.61 ±0.09)mg in the deocclusion + blue light exposure group,(0.54± 0.08)mg in the simple deocclusion group and (0.43 ± 0.07)mg in the continuous occlusion group,with a significant difference among the 3 groups (F=10.458,P＜0.01).However,there were no significant differences in the ACD and LT among the 3 groups (F=0.203,0.084,both at P＞0.05).Moreover,in the left eyes,no significant differences were found in the diopter,ACD,LT and VCD before experiment among the 3 groups (all at P＞0.05);while at the end of the experiment,the diopter of the continuous occlusion group was significantly lower than that of the deocclusion + blue light exposure group and simple deocclusion group (all at P＜0.05).No significant differences were seen in the ACD,LT,VCD and dry weight of sclera among the 3 groups (all at P＞0.05).Retinal structure was normal in the left eyes of various groups.However,the retinas were thinner in the right eyes of the deocclusion + blue light exposure group with clear layers; while atrophy of the outer segment of photoreceptor and disorder of cell arrangement were seen in the right eyes of the continuous occlusion group.Conclusions During sensitive period of visual development,blue light stimulation can arrest the extension of posterior sclera and elongation of vitreous cavity,which restrains development of myopia.This blue light at the wavelength of 430 nm is safe to retina.
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Background Oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells (LECs) is associated with c-Jun N terminal kinase (JNK) pathway.Quercetin possesses the antioxidation by inhibiting the JNK pathway.However,whether quercetin can protect LECs from the oxygen-induced damage is still not proved.Objective This study attempted to invatigate the effects and its mechanism of quercetin against hyperbaric oxygeninduced LECs apoptosis. Methods Human LECs line SRA01/04 was cultivated and passaged in MEM medium containing 10％ fetal bovine serum and 0.5％ non-essential amino acids for 2 hours,with or without 20 μmol/LSP600125 or 1 μmol/L quercetin prior to exposure to hyperbaric oxygen.Each exposure session remained 6 hours in 99％ O2 and 1％CO2 with a pressure chamber at 588 kPa.The viability of human LECs was detected by MTT.Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometer using Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection.The expression of JNK/p-JNK,c-Jun/p-c-Jun,caspase 3 and caspase 9 were detected by Western blot. Results LECs viability (A570 ) was 0.835 ±0.082,0.450±0.083,0.654±0.079,0.649±0.090 respectively in the blank control group,hyperbaric oxygen exposed group,hyperbaric oxygen+SP600125 group and hyperbaric oxygen+quercetin group.The A570 in the hyperbaric oxygen exposed group was significantly lower than the blank control group ( P =0.000),but those in hyperbaric oxygen + SP600125 group and hyperbaric oxygen+quercetin group were significantly higher than the hyperbaric oxygen exposed group ( P =0.003,0.002 ).The numbers of apoptosis cells were 3.17 ±0.74,19.77 ± 1.44,8.45 ±0.93,7.79 ±0.78 respectively in the blank control group,hyperbaric oxygen exposed group,hyperbaric oxygen+SP600125 group and hyperbaric oxygen+quercetin group.Apoptotic LECs were significantly increased in the hyperbaric oxygen exposed group compared with the blank control group ( P=0.000),but those in the hyperbaric oxygen+SP600125 group and hyperbaric oxygen+quercetin group were significantly reduced in comparison with hyperbaric oxygen exposed group (both P=0.000).In additional,expressions of p-JNK,p-c-Jun,caspase 3 and caspase 9 proteins in the cells were elevated in the hyperbaric oxygen exposed group compared with the blank control group (all P =0.000 ),however,those in the hyperbaric oxygen + SP600125 group and hyperbaric oxygen + quercetin group were declined when compared with the hyperbaric oxygen exposed group( all P＜0.05 ). Conclusions JNK pathway is involved in the apoptotic procedure of human LECs induced by oxygen stress.SP600125 and certain concentration of quercetin can interdict the JNK signal pathway and endogenous apoptosis of LECs and further alleviate hyperbaric oxygen-induced damage of LECs.
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BackgroundMonocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)plays an important role in the tumor,inflammation,diabetic retinopathy and other neovascular disease,but the expression and the role of MCP-1 in the oxygen induced retinopathy(OIR) model have rarely been reported. Objective This study was to investigate the expression of MCP-1 in the retina development of newborn mouse and in mouse models with OIR.Methods C57BL/6J newborn mice were divided into two groups and 60 mice in each group.Mice in OIR group were exposed to 75％ oxygen for 5 days and then to room air.All mice in normal control group exposed to room air only.Ten mice in each group were randomly chosen and sacrificed at postnatal 5,7,12,14,17,21 days.The expression of MCP-1 in mouse retina was detected with the method of immunohistoehemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results MCP-1 positive cells were seen in normal mouse retina.Up-regulation of MCP-1 positive cells was detected both in 12 days in normal control group and in 14 days in OIR group.MCP-1 mRNA was detected in mouse retina at 5 days,and a transient up-regulation of MCP-1 mRNA was observed in 12 days in normal control group.MCP-1 mRNA in OIR group significantly increased in 14 days in comparison with the normal control group( P =0.028,P =0.001 ). Conclusions Expression of MCP-1 is detectable in whole retinal development procession of mice.A transient up-regulation of MCP-1 expression is detected in the critical period of retinal vascular development in mice models with OIR,which is closely related to the retinal vascular development and progression of retinal new vessels.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV) and genotypes of hepatitis E virus in 8 species of animals including swine, cattle, sheep, horse, donkey, dog, chicken and duck in the suburb of Beijing. Methods Serum samples were collected from the 8 species of animals, and fecal samples of younger swine were collected from 2 stock farms. Anti-HEV was detected by Double Antigen Sandwich Assay. HEV RNA from fecal samples was detected by a reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR). Parts of the PCR products were cloned and sequenced. The swine HEV sequences were analyzed genetically. Results The positive rates of anti-HEV in serum specimens of swine, cattle, horse, donkey, sheep, dog, duck and chicken were 80.43%(481/598), 15.02%(52/346), 14.29%(40/280) ,0(0/26) ,9.88%(33/334), 0(0/ 21) ,3.03% (7/231) and 2.53%(8/316), respectively. The anti-HEV prevalence of adult swine(≥6 months)and younger swine(≤3 months)were 87.86%(369/420)and 62.92%(112/178)respectively. 74 of 111 (66.67% ) pig faces were positive for HEV RNA. Sequence analysis on these positive samples showed that there were 6 groups of HEV designated as bjsw1, bjsw2, bjsw3, bjsw4, bjsw5 and bjsw6. The 6 strains of HEV shared 94.5%-99.6% sequence identity of partial HEV ORF2 nucleotide with each other. The identities of HEV ORF2 nucleotide sequences between the 6 strains and genotype 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 75.6%-78.6% , 75.6%-76.2%, 77.1%-80.7% and 83.7%-94.5%, respectively. The sequence identity between the 6 strains and human HEV genotype 4d was 90.0%-94.5% . Conclusion HEV infection was seen in swine, cattle, horse, sheep, duck and chicken in the suburbs of Beijing. The anti-HEV positive rate appeared the highest in swine and the lowest in dog and donkey. The six strains of HEV isolated from younger swine belonged to genotype 4d.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Previous cytogenetic studies revealed aberrations varied among the three subtypes of rhabdomyosarcoma. We profiled chromosomal imbalances in the different subtypes and investigated the relationships between clinical parameters and genomic aberrations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Comparative genomic hybridization was used to investigate genomic imbalances in 25 cases of primary rhabdomyosarcomas and two rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines. Specimens were reviewed to determine histological type, pathological grading and clinical staging.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Changes involving one or more regions of the genome were seen in all rhabdomyosarcomal patients. For rhabdomyosarcoma, DNA sequence gains were most frequently (> 30%) seen in chromosomes 2p, 12q, 6p, 9q, 10q, 1p, 2q, 6q, 8q, 15q and 18q; losses from 3p, 11p and 6p. In aggressive alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, frequent gains were seen on chromosomes 12q, 2p, 6p, 2q, 4q, 10q and 15q; losses from 3p, 6p, 1q and 5q. For embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma, frequent gains were on 7p, 9q, 2p, 18q, 1p and 8q; losses only from 11p. Frequently gained chromosome arms of translocation associated with rhabdomyosarcoma were 12q, 2, 6, 10q, 4q and 15q; losses from 3p, 6p and 5q. The frequently gained chromosome arms of nontranslocation associated with rhabdomyosarcoma were 2p, 9q and 18q, while 11p and 14q were the frequently lost chromosome arms. Gains on chromosome 12q were significantly correlated with translocation type. Gains on chromosome 9q were significantly correlated with clinical staging.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Gains on chromosomes 2p, 12q, 6p, 9q, 10q, 1p, 2q, 6q, 8q, 15q and 18q and losses on chromosomes 3p, 11p and 6p may be related to rhabdomyosarcomal carcinogenesis. Furthermore, gains on chromosome 12q may be correlated with translocation and gains on chromosome 9q with the early stages of rhabdomyosarcoma.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Cell Line, Tumor , Chromosome Aberrations , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12 , Genetics , Comparative Genomic Hybridization , Methods , Gene Fusion , Genetics , Oncogene Proteins, Fusion , Genetics , Rhabdomyosarcoma , Genetics , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To characterize the profile of chromosomal imbalances of rhabdomyosarcoma(RMS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was used to investigate genomic imbalances in 25 cases of primary RMS including 10 cases of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARM), 12 cases of embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS), 3 cases of polymorphic rhabdomyosarcoma (PRMS) and 2 RMS cell lines (A240 originated from ARMS and RD from PRMS), with correlation to histological type, pathologic grading, clinical staging, gender and age, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All twenty-five rhabdomyosarcomas showed evidence of increased or decreased DNA sequence copy numbers involving one or more regions of the genome. (1) The frequently gained chromosome regions in RMS were 2p, 12q, 6p, 9q, 10q, 1p, 2q, 6q, 8q, 15q, 18q, and the frequently lost chromosome regions were 3p, 11p, 6p. (2) The frequently gained chromosome arms in ARMS were 12q, 2p, 6, 2q, 4q, 10q, 15q. The frequently lost chromosome arms were 3p, 6p, 1q, 5q. The frequently gained chromosome regions in ERMS were 7p, 9q, 2p, 18q, 1p, 8q. The frequently lost chromosome arms in ERMS were 11p. (3) The frequently gained chromosome arms in translocation associated RMS were 12q, 2, 6, 10q, 4q and 15q (> 30%), 3p, 6p, 5q (> 30%) were the frequently loss chromosome arms. The frequently gained chromosome regions in non-translocation associated RMS were 2p, 9q, 18q (> 30%), and 11p, 14q (> 30%) were the frequently loss chromosome regions. Gain of 12q was significantly correlated with the translocation-associated tumors (P < 0.05). (4) Gains of 9q was significantly correlated with clinical staging (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Gain of 2p, 12q, 6p, 9q, 10q, 1p, 2q, 6q, 8q, 15q, 18q and loss of 3p, 11p, 6p may be involved in the tumorigenesis of RMS. Gains of 12q may be correlated with gene fusion/chromosomal translocation in ARMS. Gains of 9q may be correlated with an early tumor stage of RMS.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Genetics , Chromosome Aberrations , Chromosome Deletion , Chromosomes , Comparative Genomic Hybridization , Methods , Gene Fusion , Neoplasm Staging , Rhabdomyosarcoma , Genetics , Spectral Karyotyping , MethodsABSTRACT
The aim was to study the mechanisms of HL-60 cell apoptosis induced by nimodipine (NMDP) and cytarabine (Ara-C). The DNA fragment was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. The expressions of bcl-2 and bax gene proteins related with apoptosis were investigated by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that HL-60 cell apoptosis rate had been increasing in the experimental groups compared with the control group since culturing 8 hours. The expression of Bcl-2 protein was lower and the expression of Bax protein was higher in the experimental groups than that in the control group, while ratio of bcl-2/bax was lower in the experimental groups than that in the control group. It is concluded that NMDP and Ara-C induce apoptosis of HL-60 cells, and the mechanism of apoptosis induced by them may down-regulate the expression of bcl-2 gene and up-regulate the expression of bax gene. The mechanism of HL-60 cell apoptosis induced by Ara-C and NMDP is probably associated with the down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein expression.
Subject(s)
Humans , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic , Pharmacology , Apoptosis , Cytarabine , Pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Drug Synergism , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , HL-60 Cells , Nimodipine , Pharmacology , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 , Genetics , bcl-X Protein , GeneticsABSTRACT
To study the mechanism of apoptosis of HL-60 cells induced by cytarabine (Ara-C), morphological changes of the HL-60 cells stained with Giemsa were observed by microscopy; the DNA fragments were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis; the expressions of Bcl-2 and bax gene-related apoptosis were investigated by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that HL-60 cells in experimental groups had changed in morphology since they were cultured for 8 hours. HL-60 cells stained with Giemsa showed that their nuclear membranes were splitted. The purplish red chromatins were concentrated into pieces and apoptosis bodies were formed. The apoptosis rate increased in the experimental groups compared with the control group. The expression of Bcl-2 protein was lower and the expression of Bax protein was higher and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax proteins in the experimental groups was lower than those in the control group. It is concluded that Ara-c can effectively induce apoptosis of HL-60 cells and simultaneously decrease the level of expression of Bcl-2 protein and elevate the level of expression of Bax protein. Decrease of expression ratio of Bcl-2/Bax proteins may be one of the main mechanisms in HL-60 apoptosis induced by Ara-C.