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OBJECTIVES@#To understand the perceptions of doctors, patients and forensic examiners on the current situation of medical disputes and medical damage identification in China, and to explore the medical damage identification model that is more conducive for the resolution of medical disputes.@*METHODS@#A questionnaire was designed, and in-service clinicians, forensic examiners and inpatients in Sichuan Province and Chongqing City were randomly selected from April to November 2019. SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the data of various survey results.@*RESULTS@#Compared with patients (24.92%), doctors (61.72%) believed that the current doctor-patient relationship was more tense than before; both doctors and patients were more inclined to choose voluntary consultation and people's mediation to resolve medical disputes; forensic examiners have the highest level of cognition of medical and health-related laws and regulations, followed by doctors and patients; 66.72% of doctors and 78.41% of patients believed that medical damage identification was necessary, and they were more inclined to entrust forensic identification institutions; different groups all believed that forensic examiners and doctors should participate in the identification together, 80.94% of doctors believed that the appraisal institutions should be responsible for the forensic opinion, not the appraiser.@*CONCLUSIONS@#It is suggested that the Medical Association identification and forensic identification should learn from each other and formulate basic unified rules for the identification of medical damage. It is suggested to standardize the behavior of medical damage forensic identification institutions and appraisers, to improve their own appraisal level, actively invite clinical medical experts for consultation in identification, and promote the standardized, scientization of forensic identification.
Subject(s)
Humans , China , Dissent and Disputes , Forensic Medicine , Physician-Patient Relations , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Routine pathological examination of unexplained sudden cardiac death (USCD) lacks significant morphological characteristics. In the field of forensic medicine, molecular biology methods have been used to find the cause of death by detecting genes and research related to the mechanism of sudden cardiac death has been carried out. From the molecular pathology point of view, the application of multiple levels of biomarkers to resolve the causes of USCD has already shown potential and provides an important path for forensic identification of USCD. This article reviews the latest research progress on USCD-related genes, RNA, proteins and USCD, and summarizes forensic application.
Subject(s)
Humans , Biomarkers , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/pathology , Forensic Medicine , Forensic Pathology , HeartABSTRACT
Objective: To discuss the efficacy of Erzhu Erchentang on major cardiovascular risk factors caused by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)with phlegm turbidity and blood stasis syndrome, and its anti-inflammatory effect. Method: One hundred and forty-two patients were randomly divided into control group and observation group by random number table. Patients in control group got insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs for controlling blood sugar, aspirin enteric-coated tablets, 100 mg/time, 1 time/day, telmisartan tablets, 40 mg/time, 1 time/day, atorvastatin, 10 mg/time, 1 time/day, and non-drug interventions. In addition to the therapy of control group, patients in observation group were also given modified Erzhu Erchentang, 1 dose/day, 5 times/week. The course of treatment was 24 weeks. And a 24-week follow-up was recorded. And levels of fasting blood glucose (FPG), 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2 hPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HLD-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) were detected. And the occurrence of major cardiovascular events, cerebrovascular events and peripheral vascular events were recorded. Before and after treatment, levels of body mass index (BMI), carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), framingham risk (FRS) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were assessed. And procalcitonin (PCT), homocysteine (Hcy), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), cystatin C (CysC) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were measured. Result: After treatment, levels of 2 hPG, HbA1c, SBP, DBP, TC, TG, LDL-C, IMT and BMI in observation group were lower than those in control group (PPχ2=4.775, Pχ2=5.639, PZ=2.165, PPConclusion: In addition to the comprehensive therapy of conventional western medicine, modified Erzhu Erchentang can increase the reduce serum inflammatory factors and control the high risk factors of cardiovascular disease of patients with T2DM, so as to reduce the major cardiovascular events.
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A total of twelve compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate of the water extract of honey-fried Eriobotrya japonica through column chromatography over silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,RP-18,and preparative HPLC. Their structures were established by MS,1 D NMR and 2 D NMR data as japonicanoside A( 1),nerolidol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-( 1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside( 2),nerolidol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-( l→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-( 1 → 2)-[α-L-( 4-trans-feruloyl)-rhamnopyranosyl-( 1 → 6) ]-β-D-glucopyranoside( 3),( +)-catechin( 4),(-)-epicatechin( 5),kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside( 6),quercitrin( 7),quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside( 8),quercetin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside( 9),vanillin( 10),protocatechuic aldehyde( 11),and maltol( 12). Among them,1 is a new phenolic glycoside.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Eriobotrya , Chemistry , Glycosides , Chemistry , Honey , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Phytochemicals , ChemistryABSTRACT
Internal carotid arterial system is the main source of blood supply in brain. In forensic identi-fication practice, blunt injures of internal carotid arterial system usually cause complications such as throm-bus, aneurysm and arteriovenous fistula, etc. The deaths following delayed cerebral infarction or intracra-nial haemorrhage are not rare. At present, literature of deaths caused by blunt injuries of internal carotid arterial system mainly consist of case reports in China. This paper reviews related literature and case re-ports at home and abroad, and summarizes forensic medical features and identification method of the deaths caused by such injuries. The results show that blunt injures of internal carotid arterial system are related to the direct or indirect force on head and neck, which can result in exceed physiological range traction of head and neck, incision following basicranial fracture, etc. Such injuries are common in the cases as mechanical asphyxia, cervical manipulation, traffic accident and fall, etc. The artery should be examined carefully, and the relationship among injury, disease and death should be analysed correctly when no cause of infarction and hemorrhage was found in routine examination of such cases in forensic pratice. Because of the difficulty for exposing the artery completely in autopsy, angiography can be used to infer the location when necessary for improving the scientificity and reliability of the appraisal conclusion.
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BACKGROUND:At present,most of the experiments on the treatment of skin wound by mesenchymal stem cells have been performed in rats,mice and rabbits,while the research on skin wound treatment by canine bone marrow mesenchymal stem calls is less reported.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of canine bone marrow mesenchymal stem calls on skin wound healing.METHODS:A 3 cmx3 cm wound was made on the both sides of the scapula and buttocks of the dog,with the right side as experimental group and the left side as control group.After the wound was made,allogeneic canine bone marrow mesenchymal stem calls suspension was injected subcutaneously around the wound in the experimental group on the 1st and 3rd days.The control group was injected subcutaneously around the wound with mesenchymal stem call culture medium on the 1st and 3rd days after the wound was made.Wound healing was observed dynamically in both groups.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the 1st week,there were pale yellow inflammatory substances in the wound of two groups indicating obvious inflammations.Compared with the control group,the inflammatory substances were fewer and the growth rate of the granulation tissue was faster in the experimental group.From the 2nd week until the wound healing,epithelialization on the wound became obvious following the formation of the granulation tissue,which was mainly displayed by the formation of fresh epithelial tissues from the surrounding to the wound center.The epithelialization time of the experimental group was earlier than that of the control group,and the wound area of the experimental group was smaller than that of the control group.In the 3rd week,the wound in the experimental group healed completely,and became smoother than that in the control group.The wound area of the experimental group was slightly smaller than that of the control group on the 8th and 12th days after cell transplantation,and the healing speed of the experimental group was slightly faster than that of the control group,but there was no significant difference between the two groups.Our findings indicate that the transplantation of canine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells has the possibility or trend to promote skin wound healing.
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OBJECTIVE@#To establish regression model between craniofacial lines and body height by measuring craniofacial lines in Southwest Han males using CT and to accumulate data for the study of forensic anthropology.@*METHODS@#Head CT data of 273 Han males in Southwest were collected and 7 craniofacial lines were determined. Multiplanar reconstruction and volume rendering were performed by image post-processing software and the selected lines were measured. The relationship between each measuring indicator and body height was analyzed using SPSS 21.0 software. The regression equation of body height estimation was established and 50 samples were selected again and put into the mathematics models to verify its accuracy.@*RESULTS@#The linear regression equations of 7 lines were established (P < 0.05). The correlation coefficients of the unary linear regression equations were 0.190-0.439 and the standard errors of the estimate (SEE) were 4.597-5.023 cm. The correlation coefficients of the multiple linear regression equation were 0.494-0.524 and the SEE were 4.418-4.458 cm. The return tests showed that the highest ± 1SEE accuracy of the multiple regression equation: y = 83.959+3.589 x6+2.573 x2, were 30%; and the highest ± 2SEE accuracy of the multiple regression equation: y = 72.646+3.316 x6+1.586 x2+1.553 x4+2.211 x3, were 92%.@*CONCLUSION@#There is significant linear correlation between 7 selected lines and the stature in this study, and the plural linear regression equation established could be applied for estimating the stature of Southwest Han males.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Asian People , Body Height , Face/anatomy & histology , Forensic Anthropology , Head/anatomy & histology , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Linear Models , Software , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of ADAM10 inhibitor GI254023X on the proliferation and apoptosis of multiple myeloma H929 cell line and its mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>H929 cells were treated with different concentrations of GI254023X, the proliferation-inhibitive curve was assayed and plotted by CCK-8 method, the cell viability and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry with Annexin V/7-AAD double staining. The cleavage of Notch1 protein (cleaved notch1) was determined by Western blot. The transcripts of Notch1 target gene Hes-1 were detected by real-time PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The GI254023X inhibited the proliferation of H929 cells in the time- and dose- dependent manners. As compared with the control group, the apoptosis of cells increased along with enhancement of GI254023X concentration; The expression of cleaved Notch1 was down-regulated after the treatment with GI254023X. The levels of Hes-1 mRNA transcripts in H929 cells was reduced in GI254023X treated group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>GI254023X can remarkably inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of H929 cells. Its mechanism may be associated with inbihition of Notch1 activation.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , ADAM Proteins , ADAM10 Protein , Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases , Apoptosis , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Dipeptides , Down-Regulation , Hydroxamic Acids , Membrane Proteins , Multiple Myeloma , Receptor, Notch1ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of aluminum on hair loss induc ed by fluoride in fluorosis mice.Methods Sixty male C57BL mice were divided into four groups according to body mass:control group,fluoride (F) group (F-100 mg/L),aluminum(Al) group(Al3+ 270 mg/L) and F + Al group(F-100 mg/L + Al3+270 mg/L).Mice were killed 1 month and 3 months after the experiment,respectively.Bone F content was detected by ion-selective electrode method.The level of bone Al was measured through inductively coupled plasma emission spectrum.Dental fluorosis and hair loss of mice were evaluated by visual method.Results One month after the experiment,no dental fluorosis and hair loss was found in all four groups.The content of bone F was the highest in F group [(2401.649 + 86.835) mg/kg],and the lowest in A1 group [(427.006 + 11.878) mg/kg].The levels of bone F in F + Al group and control group were (1210.332 + 19.531)mg/kg and (538.001 + 33.337)mg/kg,respectively.The difference was statistically significant between any two groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Three month after the experiment,all mice of F treatment group had dental fluorosis and hair loss(10/10).Alopecia areas were found in the neck and back regions only.There was no hair loss in control group,Al group and F + Al group.No dental fluorosis was found in both control and Al groups.Only 2 mice were found with dental fluorosis in F + Al group.The levels of bone F in F group,F + Al group,control group and Al group were (4098.645 + 58.842),(1888.165 ± 12.187),(876.258 + 14.462) and (662.385 ± 8.966) mg/kg,respectively.The difference was statistically significant between any two groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The hair loss is found in fluorosis mice.Hair loss of mice is closely associated with the level of F exposure.Al can prevent the occurrence of hair loss induced by F in mice through reducing the accumulation of F.
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The disaster is a sudden unexpected event that causes serious human injuries and deaths as well as missing persons. The main tasks of forensic DNA laboratories are to identify victim in the disaster. After reviewed the previous disasters and related studies, we proposed a new procedure of DNA identification for the use of disaster in the future, which includes preparation works, samples collection, samples storage, DNA extraction, typing, data analysis and interpretation of results. Some experiences and problems about the DNA identification are also discussed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bone and Bones/chemistry , DNA/isolation & purification , DNA Fingerprinting/methods , Disasters , Forensic Genetics/methods , Microsatellite Repeats , Retrospective Studies , Specimen Handling/methodsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the forensic utility of Y-single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Allele-specific PCR, restriction enzyme digestion or direct PCR were performed to examine 10 different SNP loci on Y chromosome, namely M9, M15, M45, M89, M95, M122, M134, M145, M173 and P25 in 161 Chinese Han males.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 8 of the 10 SNPs are reported to be polymorphic in Chinese. The gene diversity for the loci showing polymorphism ranged from 0.988/0.012-0.752/0.248, with a power of discrimination 0.094-0.373. Loci M122 and M134 were the most polymorphic markers in Chinese Hans. Nine different haplogroups with frequencies from 1.2% to 51.6% were observed and 3 of the haplogroups-K*(x O2a, O3, P), O3*(x O3e) and O3e were found in 75.2% of Chinese Hans.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A comprehensive gene diversity data of Y chromosome and haplogroups were obtained in Sichuan Han population, which will be served as the base for using these Y-SNP markers in forensic medicine and individual identification in Sichuan Hans.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , China , Chromosomes, Human, Y , Genetics , Haplotypes , Genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Genetic , GeneticsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To solve the difficulties of identification of Sarcosaphagous flies such as Lucilia sericata (Meigen) and Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) which could not be identified by analyzing the 278bp and 635 bp regions of the gene encoding for cytochrome oxidase subunit I and II (CO I and CO II) in mtDNA.@*METHODS@#Specimens were collected from the corpses of rabbits on the grassland in Huhhot and Chengdu, the sequences of 551 bp region of 16S rDNA of their mtDNA were analyzed, the multiple-alignment program DNAMAN(version 4.0) and MEGA 2.1 sofeware were employed for sequence alignments neighbour-joining tree construction.@*RESULTS@#Lucilia sericata (Meigen) and Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) were distinguished successfully by sequence analysis of The 551 bp region of the gene of 16S rDNA.@*CONCLUSION@#The 551 bp region of the gene of 16S rDNA of sarcosaphagous flies can be used for identifying them on species level effectively. It is likely to be a successful compliment to identify the sarcosaphagous flies by sequence analysis of CO I and CO II in mtDNA.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Diptera/genetics , Forensic Medicine/methods , Molecular Sequence Data , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To add DXS7133, GATA198A10, DXS9896 and DXS6797 to the panel of forensically validated X chromosome markers, and apply the multiplex amplification system to a population study and forensic analysis on the Hans of Chengdu.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The PCR products were detected by the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining method. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of females was tested and every forensically interested value was calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sequencing revealed that their common sequence motifs were tetranucleotide repeats. Population genetic data were obtained by analyzing 120 unrelated females and 100 males from Chengdu Han ethnic group. In this population, DXS7133, GATA198A10, DXS9896 and DXS6797 exhibited 6, 6, 11, 8 distinguishable alleles respectively. Chi-square test demonstrated that genotype frequencies in females did not depart from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Power of discrimination for female samples for the four loci were 0.7962, 0.8021, 0.9675, and 0.9444. The parentage testing in 32 cases revealed a typical X-linked inheritance and no mutations.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DXS7133, GATA198A10, DXS9896 and DXS6797, which are highly polymorphic in Chengdu Han population, are appropriate for individual identification and paternity testing involving a female child.</p>