ABSTRACT
Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is the most common complication after cataract surgery.How to prevent and treat PCO is an urgent problem we need to solve at present.Non-coding RNA(ncRNA) is a kind of RNA, which can not encode proteins.Studies have shown that non-coding RNA is closely related to the occurrence and development of human diseases.This paper has collected the progress of research on different kinds of ncRNA in PCO and may raise new ideas and methods on the prevention and treatment of PCO.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression of ecotropic viral integration site (EVI1) gene in childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the clinical features of EVI1-positive children with AML.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of EVI1-positive children with AML were collected and analyzed. RT-PCR and real-time quantitative PCR were used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of expression of EVI1. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used for determining the immunophenotypes of bone marrow cells. Multiparameter FCM was used for monitoring minimal residual disease. The karyotypes were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 241 children with AML, 33 (13.7%) were positive for EVI1 expression. There were no significant differences in age at first visit as well as the white blood cell count, hemoglobin level, and platelet count in peripheral blood between EVI1-positive and EVI1-negative children with AML (P>0.05), but EVI1-positive children had a significantly increased proportion of females compared with EVI1-negative children (P<0.05). The change in EVI1 expression was not synchronous with clinical remission and the change of MRD: some children had clinical remission or negative conversion of MRD before negative conversion of EVI1, while some had negative conversion of EVI1 before clinical remission or while MRD showed positive. EVI1 gene was usually co-expressed with other fusion genes. CD33 (100%), CD38 (88%), and HLADR (76%) were highly expressed in EVI1-positive children with AML. Abnormal chromosome structure or number was found in 15 patients. Compared with EVI1-negative children, EVI1-positive children had significantly lower complete remission rates after the first course of treatment (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>EVI1-positive children with AML have a poor short-term prognosis. In the development of AML, the activation of EVI1 gene is not isolated, but the result of interactions with other genes or chromosome abnormalities, and the mechanism of activation and its function need further study.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Chromosome Aberrations , DNA-Binding Proteins , Genetics , Flow Cytometry , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Immunophenotyping , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , MDS1 and EVI1 Complex Locus Protein , Neoplasm, Residual , Prognosis , Proto-Oncogenes , Genetics , Transcription Factors , GeneticsABSTRACT
Delightful achievements have been obtained in forestry genetic breeding since the application of transgenic technology in this field during the past 20 years. Field trials of some genetic modified (GM) trees have been carried out, and some GM trees have been commercialized. Meanwhile, the risks of ecological safety caused by GM trees have raised attention in the public gradually. These issues mainly include the horizontal transfer and vertical flow of foreign genes, and the potential effects on insects, soil ecosystems and virus. The current status of field trials, commercial applications and the potential ecological risks of GM trees were summarized. Then the prospects of GM trees were also presented.