ABSTRACT
Background Bromadiolone is the second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide widely used all over the world. Exposure to bromadiolone in early life stage can lead to neurodevelopmental toxicity, but its toxic mechanism of neurodevelopment is not clear so far. Objective To investigate the developmental neurotoxicity and mechanism of bromadiolone to zebrafish embryos. Methods Zebrafish embryos were randomly divided into four groups: a solvent control group (dimethylsulphoxide) and three bromadiolone exposure groups (0.39, 0.78, and 1.18 mg·L−1). The exposure period was from 4 h to 120 h post-fertilization. The number of spontaneous movement per minute was recorded at 24 h post-treatment. The locomotor ability of zebrafish larvae and the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were tested at 120 h post-treatment. The relative expression levels of neurodevelopment-related genes (elavl3, gap43, mbp, and syn2a) were measured by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results Compared with the control group, the number of spontaneous movement per minute at 24 h decreased significantly in the 1.18 mg·L−1 bromadiolone exposure group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the total distance travelled of the zebrafish larvae in the 0.78 and 1.18 mg·L−1 bromadiolone exposure groups decreased by 60% and 69% respectively (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the total movement time decreased by 34% and 65% respectively (P<0.05, P<0.01). The AChE activity in the 1.18 mg·L−1 bromadiolone exposure group increased by 36% when compared with the control group (P<0.05). The fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that compared with the control group, the expression levels of neurodevelopment-related genes elavl3, syn2a, and mbp were significantly down-regulated by 66%, 69%, and 65% in the 1.18 mg·L−1 bromadiolone exposure group respectively (P<0.01), the expression level of gap43 was up-regulated by 56% in the 0.78 mg·L−1 bromadiolone exposure group (P<0.01) and down-regulated by 34% in the 1.18 mg·L−1 bromadiolone exposure group (P<0.05). Conclusion Bromadiolone exposure could inhibit spontaneous movement and locomotive behavior, down-regulate the expression levels of neurodevelopment-related genes, hinder the release of neurotransmitters, and result in neurodevelopmental toxicity in the early-staged zebrafish.
ABSTRACT
Background Researches have reported that arsenic trioxide (As_2O_3) is an effective method of treating solid tumor,and its mechanism is to inhibit the cellular proliferation and induce cellular apoptosis.However,the research on DNA damage caused by As_2O_3 is not clear.Objective This study is to investigate the roles of arsenic trioxide (As_2O_3) on DNA damage of retinal pigment epithelial cell in rabbit.Methods Retinal pigment epithelial cells were isolated from pigmented rabbits and cultured in vitro according to the method of Singh NP[2].Cultured cells were identified by cytokeratin.The third or fourth generation of cells were used to this study.50.00,5.00,2.00,1.00,0.50 and 0.25 μmol/L of As_2O_3 were added into medium respectively for 1 hour,and the same volume of PBS was added as negative control group.Cultured cells were exposed to ultraviolet (UV) rays with wave length of 254 nm for 10 minutes as positive control group.The cell vitality was detected by trypan-blue staining.The comet assay was applied to evaluate the DNA damage.SPSS 13.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results The black granule were seen in cultured RPE cells.Cultured cells showed the positive brown-yellow particles in cytoplasm for cytokeratin with the positive rate over 90%.The morphology of the cells was similar among experimental group,UV irradiation group and PBS group under the inverted microscope.The normal cell activity was exhibited by trypan-blue staining in these three groups.Compared with PBS group,As_2O_3 caused obvious abnormality of DNA of RPE cell in a dose-dependent manner.Both the percentage of tail DNA and tail moment were gradually increased with the enhance of As_2O_3 concentration (F=88.548,P=0.000; F= 129.704,P=0.000).Significant differences also were found between different concentrations of As_2O_3 groups and UV irradiation group compared with PBS group (P＜0.05).As_2O_3 caused the obvious breaking up of DNA strands of RPE cells at the concentration of 50.00 μmol/L,but there was no statistical difference in spontaneous DNA damage of RPE cells between 0.50 and 0.25 μmol/L of As_2O_3 (P＞0.05).Conclusion As_2O_3 has a potential genotoxicity for rabbit retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical feasibility of network live broadcast of digital subtraction angiography(DSA)video streaming.Methods DSA video streaming was captured by an advanced image capture board.MPEG-4 and Directshow framework were used for data compression and transmission.Data of DSA video streaming could be transmitted easily from server sender filter to client receiver filter according to TCP and UDP protocols.Images of 24 cases were captured,which were compared with images of DSA workstation by experienced doctors.The subiective evaluation criteria included the manifestition of normal and pathological blood vessels,and sharpness,contrast degree and real time efficiency of images.Results The delay time of live broadcast was less than one second in 100 M LAN.Among 24 cases,excellent imaging quality was got in 17 cases,good in 5 cases and midst in 2 cases.Conclusion Excellent images and synchronism of DSA video are achieved in this system.which can meet clinical requirements of diagnosis and synchronism.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the curative effect on superselective uterine artery embolization for treatment of placenta inereta.Methods Pelvic arteriography was performed to confirm bleeding vessels.Then a 5 F Cobra catheter was inserted superselectively into uterine artery ipsilateral to bleeding,through which methotrexatum(MTX)and gelatin sponge were injected for embolization.After the procedure,bleeding,blood pressure,dischargement of placenta tissue,uterine recuperation,and plasma β-HCG were monitored.Results Bleeding vessels were confirmed in all of the 5 cases of placenta increta.Uterine artery embolization was successful at sole procedure.The operation time was 25.0 to 60.0 min.with the mean time (37.4±5.8)min.Vaginal bleeding stoped in 3.0 to 12.0 minutes after embolization and the mean time was(5.7±2.4)min.Blood pressure returned to normal after operation and vital signs were stable.Placenta tissue discharged on the 5th day to the 4th week after embolization and the mean time was 17 d.The uterus recuperated and blood β-HCG recovered simutaneously.The menstruation and ovulation during follow-up returned to normal.Conclusion Superseleetive uterine artery embolization for treatment of placenta increta has advantages such as short operation time,minimal invasion,definite curative effect and reservation of uterus,which is worthy in clinical application.