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Multiple system atrophy can have various forms of sleep disorders, including insomnia, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, sleep-disordered breathing, periodic leg movements during sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness. This article will focus on the concept, classification, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment, aiming to deepen clinicians′ understanding of the disease, which will be helpful for early diagnosis and treatment.
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Radiotherapy and interventional thearapy are the main means for unresectable advanced primary hepatic carcinoma.However,the efficacies are restricted by their respective adaptability.The development of radiotherapy,especially the application of radiotherapy combined with transcatheter hepatic artery chemoembolization provide more suitable treatment means for patients.
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Objective To study the effects of butylphthalide on homocysteine (Hcy) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods One hundred and ten patients with acute cerebral infarction were divided into control group and treatment group by random digits table,with 55 patients in each group.Two groups were given conventional treatment for 3 weeks,and treatment group was added butylphthalide 200 mg oral application,thrice a day.Two groups were compared in the total effective rate,neurological deficit scores (NDS) and serum Hcy and CRP levels.Results The total effective rate in treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group [ 89.09％ (49/55) vs.61.82％ (34/55),x2 =11.044,P＜ 0.01 ].The NDS in two groups after treatment were significantly decreased than those before treatment [treatment group:( 11.24 ± 3.19) scores vs.(23.19 ± 4.06) scores,control group:( 18.56 ± 4.03 )scores vs. (22.31 ± 4.17) scores,P ＜ 0.01 ],and NDS in treatment group after treatment was significantly lower than that in control group (P＜ 0.01 ).The serum Hcy and CRP levels in two groups after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment [ treatment group:( 13.12 ± 3.58 ) μ mol/L vs.(27.36 ± 6.84 )μ mol/L,( 10.33 ± 3.10) mg/L vs.( 18.96 ± 5.38) mg/L;control group:( 16.41 ± 4.76) μ mol/L vs.(28.73 ±6.32) μ mol/L,(13.16±4.02) mg/L vs. (19.17 ± 5.74) mg/L,P ＜ 0.01 ],serum Hcy and CRP levels in treatment group after treatment were significantly lower than those in control group (P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion Butylphthalide can reduce serum Hcy and CRP levels,reduce inflammation and improve the condition of patients with acute cerebral infarction.
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@# Objective To investigate the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion protection mechanism of viper venom nerve growth factor(vNGF) by the change of expression of growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and neurological function.Methods 45 adult male Wistar rats (weight 220～280 g) were divided randomly into 3 groups: sham group(S, n=9), balanced salt solution group (BSS, n=9) and venom nerve growth factor group (vNGF, n=27). Each group was observed for 7 days. vNGF group was divided into 25 U, 50 U and 100 U subgroups respectively. The following indexes in 3 groups were observed respectively: neurologic deficits and the expression of GAP-43 (immunohistochemistry method).Results Neurological function: The scores of neurological function was 0 in S group. The neurological deficits score was lower at the same time in vNGF group than that in BSS group (P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry: GAP-43 expressed in both BSS group and vNGF group. The expression of GAP-43 in vNGF group increased in 25 U, and to maximum in 100 U. The expression of GAP-43 in BSS group was significantly lower than in vNGF group (P<0.05). Conclusion vNGF can effectively enhance and prolong the expression of GAP-43, increase the survival rats of nerve cells, and has the protection effect on nerve cells after cerebral ischemia injured.
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Nerve growth factor may play its particular role in promoting the development of neuroplasticity after central nervous system and peripheral nerve injury. Its possible mechanisms are associated with regulation of TrkA receptor, activation of L-type calcium channel, promoting the release of acetylcholine, regulation of long-term potentiation and long-term depression. The study of the mechanisms of nerve growth factors for promoting neuroplasicity may provide novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment and rehabilitation of stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and peripheral nerve injury, and it may facilitate the development of the therapeutic drugs.