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Iatreia ; 27(3): 278-289, jul.-set. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-720250

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la malaria gestacional afecta a las madres y al embrión o feto en desarrollo; requiere diagnóstico rápido y tratamiento oportuno y efectivo para evitar las complicaciones y muertes. Objetivo: comparar las técnicas de gota gruesa, PCR anidada y PCR en tiempo real (qRT-PCR), para diagnosticar infecciones submicroscópicas por Plasmodium falciparum y P. vivax. Metodología: se estudiaron 21 mujeres con manifestaciones clínicas de malaria, incluyendo gestantes y no gestantes, en Puerto Libertador, Córdoba, Colombia; de todas se obtuvieron muestras de sangre periférica y, en las gestantes, de placenta y cordón umbilical. Se extrajo el ADN y se lo amplificó por PCR anidada y cuantitativa (qRT-PCR). Para el análisis estadístico se usaron los programas Graphpad PRISM y EPIDAT. Resultados: las tres técnicas diagnosticaron satisfactoriamente la presencia de P. falciparum y P. vivax en sangre periférica, cordón y placenta. Las pruebas moleculares presentaron sensibilidad y especificidad del 100%; dos casos de infección por P. falciparum no identificados por gota gruesa (submicroscópicos) se diagnosticaron con las dos técnicas de PCR. Conclusión: la qRT-PCR es ventajosa en comparación con la PCR anidada porque su estandarización es más corta, requiere menos infraestructura y permite cuantificar el ADN.


Introduction: Gestational malaria affects both the mother and the development of her embryo or fetus. Rapid diagnosis and timely and effective treatment are required to prevent complications and deaths. Objective: To compare thick blood smear with nested PCR and real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) for the diagnosis of submicroscopic infections with Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax. Methodology: 21 women with clinical manifestations of malaria, including both pregnant and non-pregnant, were studied in Puerto Libertador, Córdoba, Colombia. Peripheral blood specimens were obtained from all of them; umbilical cord and placenta blood specimens were taken in the pregnant ones. DNA was extracted and amplified for nested PCR or qRT-PCR. Statistical analysis was done using Graphpad PRISM and EPIDAT softwares. Results: The three techniques were satisfactory for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax in peripheral blood and in the umbilical cord and placenta specimens. Molecular tests were 100% sensitive and specific. Two submicroscopic cases of P. falciparum infection were detected with the two PCR techniques. Conclusion: qRT-PCR is advantageous over nested PCR because its standardization is shorter, it requires lesser infrastructure and it allows the quantification of DNA.


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Malaria , Plasmodium , Pregnant Women
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