Research progress of the protective mechanism of anthocyanins against arsenic-induced health hazardss / 中华地方病学杂志

Arsenic exists widely in nature. Long-term arsenic exposure is closely related to the occurrence and development of diseases related to nervous system, digestive system, urinary system, cardiovascular system and other related diseases, which seriously threatens human health. Anthocyanins belong to flavonoids, which have the characteristics of antioxidant properties, and have the functions of protecting liver, improving memory, improving immunity, and protecting nervous system, digestive system, urinary system, cardiovascular system, etc. In this paper, the research status of arsenic-induced health hazards and the protective mechanism of anthocyanins on health hazards in recent years is summarized, in order to provide scientific basis for prevention and treatment of chronic arsenic poisoning injury.

Co-amorphous technology to improve dissolution and physical stability of silybin / 中国中药杂志

The present study explored the effect of co-amorphous technology in improving the dissolution rate and stability of silybin based on the puerarin-silybin co-amorphous system prepared by the spray-drying method. Solid-state characterization was carried out by powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD), polarizing microscopy(PLM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), etc. Saturated powder dissolution, intrinsic dissolution rate, moisture absorption, and stability were further investigated. The results showed that puerarin and silybin formed a co-amorphous system at a single glass transition temperature which was higher than that of any crude drug. The intrinsic dissolution rate and supersaturated powder dissolution of silybin in the co-amorphous system were higher than those of the crude drug and amorphous system. The co-amorphous system kept stable for as long as three months under the condition of 40 ℃, 75% relative humidity, which was longer than that of the single amorphous silybin. Therefore, the co-amorphous technology could significantly improve the dissolution and stability of silybin.

Effects of HPMCAS MF on absorption of silybin from supersaturable self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system / 中国中药杂志

To evaluate the effects of Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate(HPMCAS MF) on absorption of silybin(SLB) from supersaturable self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system which was pre-prepared at the early stage experiment. The cell toxicity of self-emulsifying preparation was evaluated by the MTT method, and the in vitro membrane permeability and absorption promoting effect of the self-emulsifying preparation were evaluated by establishing a Caco-2 cell monolayer model. The in vivo and in vitro supersaturation correlation was evaluated via the blood concentration of SLB. The results of MTT showed that the concentration of the preparation below 2 mg·mL~(-1)(C_(SLB) 100 μg·mL~(-1)) was not toxic to Caco-2 cells, and the addition of polymer had no significant effect on Caco-2 cells viability. As compared with the solution group, the transport results showed that the P_(app)(AP→BL) of the self-emulsifying preparation had a very significant increase; the transport rate of silybin can be reduced by polymer in 0-30 min; however, there was no difference in supersaturated transport between supersaturated SLB self-nanoemulsion drug delivery system(SLB-SSNEDDS) and SLB self-nanoemulsion drug delivery system(SLB-SNEDDS) within 2 hours. As compared with SLB suspension, pharmacokinetic parameters showed that the blood concentration of both SLB-SNEDDS and SLB-SSNEDDS groups were significantly increased, and C_(max) was 5.25 times and 9.69 times respectively of that in SLB suspension group, with a relative bioavailability of 578.45% and 1 139.44% respectively. C_(max) and relative bioavailability of SLB-SSNEDDS were 1.85 times and 197% of those of SLB-SNEDDS, respectively. Therefore, on the one hand, SSNEDDS can increase the solubility of SLB in gastrointestinal tract by maintaining stability of SLB supersaturation state; on the other hand, the osmotic transport process of SLB was regulated through the composition of its preparations, and both of them could jointly promote the transport and absorption of SLB to improve the oral bioavailability of SLB.

Study on preparation extraction process of Linggui Zhugan Decoction / 中国中药杂志

To verify the appropriate preparation process of extracts for the solid substance benchmark of Linggui Zhugan Decoction. The extracts were prepared by different preparation processes, namely the traditional process(process 1), the extract combined with volatile oil separated from traditional process extract liquid(process 2), the modern secondary reflux extraction process(process 3) and the process that volatile oil was extracted first, then prepared according to the traditional process, and combined with extract(process 4); based on the characteristic spectrum, index components of cinnamaldehyde, glycyrrhizin, ammonium glycyrrhizinate, cinnamic acid, and the dry extract rate of process 1, the differences and similarities of four extracts were compared. The results showed that the similarity of the characteristic spectrum of process 2, process 4 and process 1 were all greater than 0.97, while there was no significant difference for the content of 4 quality control components and dry extract rate; the similarity of the characteristic spectrum of process 3 and process 1 was 0.91, the absolute peak area of 13 out of 21 peaks and the relative peak area of 7 peaks increased significantly, and the content of 3 out of 4 quality control components and dry extract rate also significantly increased. In conclusion, the material standards of extracts by the process 2 and 4 are consistent with that of the traditional process, so the two processes are suitable.

Prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in China: lessons from the past three decades / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

In the past 37 years, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has undergone various major transmission routes in China, with the world most complex co-circulating HIV-1 subtypes, even the prevalence is still low. In response to the first epidemic outbreak of HIV in injecting drug users and the second one by illegal commercial blood collection, China issued the Anti-Drug Law and launched the Blood Donation Act and nationwide nucleic acid testing, which has avoided 98,232 to 211,200 estimated infections and almost ended the blood product-related infection. China has been providing free antiretroviral therapy (ART) since 2003, which covered >80% of the identified patients and achieved a viral suppression rate of 91%. To bend the curve of increasing the disease burden of HIV and finally end the epidemic, China should consider constraining HIV spread through sexual transmission, narrowing the gaps in identifying HIV cases, and the long-term effectiveness and safety of ART in the future.

Study on synergistic anti-tumor effect of Shuangdan Capsules combined with 5-FU on hepatocellular carcinoma cells Huh-7 and xenograft mice / 中国中药杂志

This paper discussed the synergistic anti-tumor effect of Shuangdan Capsules combined with 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) on human liver cancer cell line Huh-7 and tumor bearing mice. The effects of Shuangdan Capsules combined with 5-FU on the activity and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) receptor protein expression of Huh-7 cells were investigated, and the effects of drug combination on tube formation of HUVEC cell were also verified. In addition, the mice model of Huh-7 was established to observe the anti-tumor effect of drug combination and the distribution of tumor blood flow in tumor bearing mice by using molecular imaging. HPLC analysis showed that Shuangdan Capsules mainly consisted of danshensusodium, protocatechuic aldehyde, paeoniflorin, rosmarinic acid, alkannic acid, salvianolic acid B, and paeonol. In MTT experiment, the inhibition rate of Shuangdan Capsules(20 mg·L~(-1)) and 5-FU(1 μmol·L~(-1)) on Huh-7 cells was 60%, and the CI value was 0.59, suggesting that these two drugs had synergistic anti-hepatoma cells effect. The expression of VEGF receptor in Huh-7 cells was inhibited by the combination of these two drugs. In addition, the process of HUVEC was slow, and the number, length and area of the lumen branches decreased significantly. In vivo, Shuangdan Capsules combined with 5-FU inhibited the growth and prolongation of survival of Huh-7 cells in subcutaneous transplanted tumor nude mice; serum expression of CD31 and VEGF in nude mice were decreased, while caspase-3 was increased. Meanwhile, the drug combination significantly inhibited the expressions of MMP2 and VEGF in tumor tissues. Ultrasound showed that Shuangdan Capsules combined with 5-FU also inhibited tumor angiogenesis and reduced blood flow of tumor tissue. The results showed that Shuangdan Capsules combined with 5-FU may inhibit tumor angiogenesis by inhibiting VEGF and MMP2 expressions, thereby blocking tumor growth.

Preparation and in vitro quality evaluation of curcumin supersaturated self-nanoemulsion / 中国中药杂志

In order to improve the supersaturation and maintenance time of drug dispersion in curcumin self-nanoemulsion(CUR-SNEDDS), precipitation inhibitors(PPIs) were introduced to prepare curcumin supersaturated self-emulsion(CUR-SSNEDDS). The composition of CUR-SNEDDS prescriptions was selected through the solubility test, the compatibility of oil phase and surfactant, the investigation of the emulsifying ability of the surfactant and the drawing of the pseudo-ternary phase diagram. Analytic hierarchy process was used in combination with central composite design-response surface method to optimize the prescription. The type and dosage of precipitation inhibitors(PPIs) were selected to maintain the supersaturated concentration and duration of CUR in artificial gastrointestinal fluids. At the same time, polarizing microscope was used to evaluate the crystallization inhibition effect and the quality and in vitro release behavior of CUR-SSNEDDS. The prepared CUR-SSNEDDS prescription was capryol 90-kolliphor RH40-transcutol HP-Soluplus(7.93∶66.71∶25.36∶5), with the drug loading of(65.12±1.25) mg·g~(-1). CUR-SSNEDDS was transparent yellow, and the nanoemulsion droplets were spherical with uniform distribution. The emulsification time was(21.02±0.13) s, the average particle size was(57.03±0.35) nm, the polydispersity index(PDI) was(0.23 ± 0.01), and the Zeta potential was(-18.10±1.30) mV. CUR-SSNEDDS significantly inhibited the generation and growth of crystals after in vitro dilution. The supersaturation could be maintained above 10 within 2 h, and the dissolution rate and degree of CUR in artificial gastrointestinal fluid were significantly increased. Soluplus could effectively maintain the supersaturated state of CUR and enhance CUR dissolution in vitro.

Formulation optimization of andrographolide self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system and effect of precipitation inhibitor on its phase behavior / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the effect of HPMC, PVP k30 and PEG 4000 on the phase behavior of andrographolide self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (AG-SNEDDS) dispersed in Fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF). Methods: The preparation technology of andrographolide AG-SNEDDS was optimized by central composite design. The effect of three types of precipitation inhibitors (PVP-k30, HPMC, PEG 4000) on the supersaturation behavior of AG-SNEDDS dispersed in FaSSIF was investigated with the degree of supersaturation as an evaluation index. The precipitated phase was evaluated by polarized light microscopy (PLM). Results: The results showed that the best prescription of AG-SNEDDS was Capryol 90-Cremophor EL:Tween-20 (1:1)-Transcutol HP (12.9:40.5:46.6). The self-microemulsion was uniform, the drug loading was (6.93 ± 0.04) mg/g. The emulsification time was (22.33 ± 0.33) s, the average particle size was (14.25 ± 0.65) nm. HPMC and PEG 4000 can maintain the supersaturation of AG-SNEDDS after being dispersed in FaSSIF, and the effect was positively correlated with their concentration. As for PVP k30, it reduced the degree of supersaturation at a low concentration, but can maintain supersaturation at medium and high concentration. Using any of the three precipitation inhibitors can reduce the particle size of the precipitated particles. Conclusion: Precipitation inhibitors can maintain the supersaturation of AG when disperse AG-SNEDDS in FaSSIF. The ability to maintain supersaturation varies with the types and concentration of precipitation inhibitor.

Effect of precipitation inhibitors on pH-induced supersaturated phase behavior of dl-tetrahydropalmatine / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the effect of three types of precipitation inhibitors (PPI) HPMC K4M, HPMC AS MG and Soluplus on the pH-induced supersaturated phase behavior of dl-tetrahydropalmatine (dl-THP) at oral clinical doses. Methods: dl-THP pH solubility phase diagram and desaturation curve during pH-shift were drawn, and the solubility phase diagram was used to support dl-THP phase behavior. Area under the concentration-time curve and supersaturation ratio were used to analyze the effect of PPI on the phase behavior of dl-THP; Polarized light microscope and differential scanning calorimetry were used to analyze the precipitation properties. Results: Under the clinical dosage, the maximum supersaturation of dl-THP during the pH-shift was 3.93, and the supersaturation was lost over time; HPMC K4M, HPMC AS MG, and Soluplus could all maintain the supersaturation within 180 minutes during the pH-shift dissolution. HPMC K4M, HPMC AS MG, and Soluplus maintained supersaturation levels of 1.19, 1.89 and 1.36 respectively at a concentration of 5%, 1.30, 2.35 and 1.86 at a concentration of 20%, and 1.30, 2.60 and 2.07 at a concentration of 50%. Polarized light microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry results showed that crystalline precipitation occurred. Conclusion: All precipitation inhibitors can improve the pH-induced supersaturated phase behavior of tetrahydropalmatine, and this improvement behavior varies with the type and concentration of precipitation inhibitors. HPMC AS MG has the best effect.

Effect of Mixed Inoculation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal on Growth and Chemical Composition of Aucklandia lappa Seedlings / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the synergistic effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal（AM） fungi mixed inoculation on the growth，physiological and biochemical characteristics，root biomass and terpenoid component accumulation of Aucklandia lappa seedlings，so as to provide a reference for the combination and application of the dominant complementary effect mycorrhizal fungi. Method:The effect of different AM fungi combined with inoculation on the root mycorrhizal infection rate，plant growth，physiological and biochemical characteristics，root biomass，costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone of A. lappa seedlings were determined by pot inoculation at room temperature. Result:It was found that AM fungi could form good mycorrhizal symbiosis with the roots of A. lappa.The formation of mycorrhizal symbiosis system could increase the chlorophyll content of A. lappa leaves，increase the activities of catalase（CAT），peroxidase （POD），superoxide dismutase （SOD），reduce the content of malondialdehyde（MDA），and promote photosynthesis of A. lappa. Compared with CK group，AM fungus treatment could significantly promote the accumulation of costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone，and the accumulation of its metabolites，costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone，into roots during the symbiotic cultivation of A. lappa seedlings，indirectly improving the quality of medicines and yield of alantolactone. Conclusion:Inoculation of AM fungi can improve the root mycorrhizal viability，increase the absorption of nutrients and promote the growth of woody incense.The mixed inoculation treatment of S2，S4 and S5 had the best mycorrhizal effect in artificial cultivation，and the growth and medicinal quality of A. lappa were the best，which provided technical support for the application and popularization of A. lappa mycorrhizal biotechnology.

Effect of Different Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Combinations and Inoculation Periods on Rhizosphere Soil Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Quantity of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis Seedlings / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the effects of different arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi combinations on rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties and microbial quantity in the seedlings of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis at different inoculation periods，so as to lay a foundation for cultivating high-quality P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Method:The spore density，infection rate，nutrient and enzyme activity in the soil around the roots of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis seedlings under different AM fungi combinations and different inoculation periods were analyzed by the greenhouse pot inoculation trials and soil agrochemical analysis methods. Result:The infection rate of different AM fungi treatment groups was more than 80% in different inoculation periods，and the spore density was higher than control （CK） group in some periods. It reflected that the relationship between AM fungi and roots of Paris polyphylla seedlings was favorable. The content of nitrogen in the soil decreased，but the content of available P，available K and soil pH increased. The soil nutrients in the cultivar one-year seedlings and wild seedlings were higher. The total number of soil microorganisms showed that bacteria>actinomycetes>fungi. The cultivar two-year seedlings with AM fungi combinations of S3，S5 and S8 had better soil structure and higher biomass carbon content. The growth rates of phosphatase and protease activity were higher in the soil，but catalase activity was lowest. In the treatment groups S2，S3，S4，S5 and S6，the soil enzyme activities of the wild seedlings and one-year-old seedlings were best. Conclusion:Different AM fungal treatment groups and different inoculation periods had certain effects on rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties and microbial quantity in the seedlings of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis， which provided a technical basis for the cultivation of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis.

Effect of Different Exogenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Combinations on Rhizosphere Soil Environment of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of different arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi combinations on the rhizospheric environment of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Method:The different combinations of 12 arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi species were inoculated to the seedlings P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis planted in the sterilized soil under the condition of room temperature to investigate their infection abilities and effects on the root activity，soil nutrient contents，enzyme activities and microbial community structure of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis rhizospheric environment. Result:The inoculation of exogenous AM fungi can regulate the spore densities and infection rate of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis rhizosphere AM to improve the root activity， the exogenous AM fungi can also regulate the nutrient contents in the rhizosphere soil，increase the contents of total glomalin and easily extracted glomalin，increase the abilities of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis to absorb the available N，P and K，and increase the enzyme activities in the rhizosphere soil， improve the microbial community structure， and improve the rhizospheric environment of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis by increasing the bacteria/fungi and bacteria/actinomycetes quantity ratios and reducing the fungi/actinomycetes quantity ratio. Conclusion:Different AM fungal treatment groups had certain effects on the physicochemical properties and microbial community structure of the rhizosphere soil of P.polyphylla var. yunnanensis，which provided a technical basis for the cultivation of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis.

Effect of Different Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Soil Nutrients in Rhizosphere Soil of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis Seedlings / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To clarify the effect of the arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi on the rhizosphere soil nutrient content，AM fungi infection rate and total rhizome saponins content of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis under symbiosis culture. Method:The changes in the root AM fungi infection rate，rhizosphere soil nutrient content，total rhizome saponins content of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis and the relationship of the rhizosphere soil factors，the infection rate and the total rhizome saponins content after AM fungi inoculation were analyzed by the method of combining room temperature pot inoculation and data analysis. Result:As compared with the CK group，the root AM fungi infection rate of the AM inoculation group was significantly enhanced （P<0.05），the content of easily extractable glomalin，total glomalin，and total nitrogen increased significantly，while available potassium content and pH significantly decreased. After inoculation with AM fungi，the contents of total phosphorus，available phosphorus，available nitrogen，ammonium nitrogen，nitrate nitrogen，available potassium，and organic matter in the rhizosphere soil of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis showed significant differences as compared with the CK group. The soil nutrient status was improved，and the total saponin content in the rhizome of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis was increased. Conclusion:Inoculation with AM fungi can improve the rhizosphere soil nutrient status of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis，promote the nutrient transformation in the rhizosphere soil，promote the growth of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis，and improve the quality of medicinal herbs.

Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation on Physical and Chemical Properties of Rhizosphere Soil of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the infection rate of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis at different periods，the changes of mineral nutrients in rhizosphere soil and the correlation among the factors under different arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi conditions. Method:28 kinds of AM fungi were inoculated into the seedlings of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis by single factor pot experiment. The samples were collected in August （fruit ripening period） and November （senescence period） to analyze the infection rate and the physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil. Result:The mycorrhizal infection rate of each treatment group was 75%-100% in the fruit ripening period and senescence period. The contents of easily extracted glomalin and total glomalin in rhizosphere soil increased to different degrees in these two periods as compared with CK group， the pH of rhizosphere soil in the two treatment groups showed an increasing trend， the content of organic matter in rhizosphere soil decreased significantly in the fruit ripening period in all the treatment groups，and the organic matter in rhizosphere soil in the senescence period showed no significant differences. The total N and K contents in rhizosphere soil decreased in both periods， and the other physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil increased or decreased without significant change regularity. Correlation analysis showed that the infection rate was correlated with the physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil to a certain degree. Conclusion:Inoculation of AM fungi can affect the physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis to some extent，and provide reference value for the application of AM fungi in the cultivation of traditional Chinese medicine.

Medical English teaching design based on Production-oriented Approach:An example in educating graduate students / 上海预防医学

Living with internationalization, it becomes increasingly important to develop the ability of acquiring knowledge from and publishing professional articles international medical journals.However, current English teaching in colleges is predominantly by cramming method and without clear aims.As a result, students make little learning progress.Production-oriented Approach, proposed by Professor Qiufang Wen, is an important theory to reform the modern English Teaching.Based on this theory, we designed and performed the course of Medical English Writing and Literature Reading for graduate students.For the aim of literature writing, we matched the teaching content with the pertinent language ability to achieve the goal.The process of teaching was initiated with output, followed by input, then tested by another output.As a result, students′ writing was improved effectively in correctness and in awareness of the rules.In addition, their ability to comprehend difficult and long sentences was also found to be improved.We believe Production-oriented Approach conforms to the requirements of English Teaching in college and can contribute to the teaching goal.

Efficacy and survival analysis of TACE combined with radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of liver metastasis from colorectal cancer / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of transhepatic arterial chemoemboli-zation (TACE)combined with radiofrequency ablation (RFA)in the treatment of colorectal cancer with liver metastasis. Methods The data of 92 patients with colorectal cancer with liver metastasis admitted to Nanyang First People's Hospital of Henan Province from January 2014 to January 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 46 patients treated with TACE were selected as the TACE group,and another 46 patients treated with TACE and RFA were selected as the combined group. The clinical efficacies of the two groups were compared, and the changes of Karnofsky functional status (KPS)scores before and after treatment in the two groups were analyzed. The incidences of complications in the two groups were calculated. Patients in the two groups were followed up,and the progress-free survival (PFS)and overall survival (OS)were calculated. Results The disease control rate of the combined group was 82. 61％ (38 / 46),and that of the TACE group was 63. 04％(29 / 46). The disease control rate of the combined group was higher than that of the TACE group (χ2 = 4. 449, P = 0. 035). Before treatment,the KPS scores of the combined group and the TACE group were 71. 84 ± 4. 37, 72. 22 ± 4. 26,with no statistically significant difference (t = 0. 423,P = 0. 673). After treatment,the KPS scores of the two groups were higher than those before treatment,and the KPS score of the combined group was higher than that of the TACE group (79. 81 ± 6. 15 vs. 75. 86 ± 6. 02;t = 3. 108,P = 0. 003). The incidence of complications was 54. 35％ (25 / 46)in the combined group and 41. 30％ (19 / 46)in the TACE group. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (χ2 = 1. 568,P = 0. 210). The median PFS and OS in the TACE group were 12. 6 and 20. 7 months,and those in the combined group were 18. 9 and 28. 2 months. The PFS and OS of the combined group were longer than those of the TACE group (χ2 = 72. 025, P < 0. 001;χ2 = 26. 580,P < 0. 001). Conclusion TACE combined with RFA is effective in the treatment of liver metastasis of colorectal cancer,which can effectively improve the KPS score of patients,prolong the PFS and OS,and do not increase the risk of complications.

Levels of short-chain fatty acids in enterobacteria-related metabolites in the feces of infants with cholestatic hepatopathy / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the levels of short-chain fatty acids in enterobacteria-related metabolites in feces between infants with cholestatic hepatopathy and healthy infants.@*METHODS@#Thirty infants with cholestatic hepatopathy were enrolled in this study as the disease group, while 30 healthy infants were enrolled as the control group. Fecal specimens were collected from the disease group before and after treatment and from the control group. Gas chromatography was used to quantitatively determine the content of short-chain fatty acids in the feces of both groups including acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, and isovaleric acid.@*RESULTS@#There were no significant differences in the concentrations of acetic acid and propionic acid between the control and disease groups before and after treatment, as well as no significant changes in the two markers in the disease group after treatment (P>0.05). The disease group had a significantly increased concentration of butyric acid after treatment (P<0.05). The concentrations of isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid in the control group were significantly higher than those in the disease group before and after treatment (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Intestinal protein metabolites in infants with cholestatic hepatopathy are significantly different from those in healthy infants, whereas there is no significant difference with respect to carbohydrate metabolites.

Efficacy and survival analysis of TACE combined with radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of liver metastasis from colorectal cancer / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective@#To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of transhepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of colorectal cancer with liver metastasis.@*Methods@#The data of 92 patients with colorectal cancer with liver metastasis admitted to Nanyang First People′s Hospital of Henan Province from January 2014 to January 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 46 patients treated with TACE were selected as the TACE group, and another 46 patients treated with TACE and RFA were selected as the combined group. The clinical efficacies of the two groups were compared, and the changes of Karnofsky functional status (KPS) scores before and after treatment in the two groups were analyzed. The incidences of complications in the two groups were calculated. Patients in the two groups were followed up, and the progress-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated.@*Results@#The disease control rate of the combined group was 82.61% (38/46), and that of the TACE group was 63.04% (29/46). The disease control rate of the combined group was higher than that of the TACE group (χ2=4.449, P=0.035). Before treatment, the KPS scores of the combined group and the TACE group were 71.84±4.37, 72.22±4.26, with no statistically significant difference (t=0.423, P=0.673). After treatment, the KPS scores of the two groups were higher than those before treatment, and the KPS score of the combined group was higher than that of the TACE group (79.81±6.15 vs. 75.86±6.02; t=3.108, P=0.003). The incidence of complications was 54.35% (25/46) in the combined group and 41.30% (19/46) in the TACE group. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (χ2=1.568, P=0.210). The median PFS and OS in the TACE group were 12.6 and 20.7 months, and those in the combined group were 18.9 and 28.2 months. The PFS and OS of the combined group were longer than those of the TACE group (χ2=72.025, P<0.001; χ2=26.580, P<0.001).@*Conclusion@#TACE combined with RFA is effective in the treatment of liver metastasis of colorectal cancer, which can effectively improve the KPS score of patients, prolong the PFS and OS, and do not increase the risk of complications.

TNF-α rs1800629 polymorphisms in the genetic susceptibility to cervical cancer / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) rs1800629 polymorphisms and cervical cancer risk. Methods A case-control study was carried out including 552 patients with cervical cancer and 654 normal controls during the same period. TNF-α rs1800629 polymorphisms were examined by Taqman-Probe assay method. The association between the genotypes and cervical cancer was analyzed by Logistic regression models. Stata 11.0 was used for the Meta-analysis. Results Compared with the TNF-α rs1800629 GG genotype, individuals with GA, AA and GA/AA genotypes showed no significant changes in the risk of cervical cancer (all P>0.05). Further Meta-analysis on the relationship between the polymorphisms of TNF-α rs1800629 and cervical cancer also suggested that there was no significant correlation between the genetic variation and the occurrence of cervical cancer. Conclusion The polymorphisms of TNF-α rs1800629 may not be related to cervical cancer risk in Chinese population.

Effect of integrated Chinese and Western medicine therapy on severe hand, foot and mouth disease: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese medicine (CM) plus Western medicine (WM) in the treatment of pediatric patients with severe hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) by conducting a prospective, controlled, and randomized trial.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 451 pediatric patients with severe HFMD were randomly assigned to receive WM therapy alone (224 cases, WM therapy group) or CM [Reduning Injection ( ) or Xiyanping Injection ()] plus WM therapy (227 cases, CM plus WM therapy group) for 7-10 days, according to a web-based randomization system. The primary outcome was fever clearance time, which was presented as temperature decreased half-life time. The secondary outcomes included the rate of rash/herpes disappearance within 120 h, as well as the rate for cough, runny nose, lethargy and weakness, agitation or irritability, and vomiting clearance within 120 h. The drug-related adverse events were also recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The temperature decreased half-life time was 40.4 h in the WM therapy group, significantly longer than 27.2 h in the CM plus WM therapy group (P<0.01). Moreover, the rate for rash/herpes disappearance within 120 h was 43.6% (99/227) in the CM plus WM therapy group, significantly higher than 29.5% (66/224) in the WM therapy group (P<0.01). In addition, the rate for cough, lethargy and weakness, agitation or irritability disappearance within 120 h was 32.6% (74/227) in the CM plus WM therapy group, significantly higher than 19.2% (43/224) in the WM therapy group (P<0.01). No drug-related adverse events were observed during the course of the study.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The combined CM and WM therapy achieved a better therapeutic efficacy in treating severe HFMD than the WM therapy alone. Reduning or Xiyanping Injections may become an important complementary therapy to WM for relieving the symptoms of severe HFMD. (Registration No. NCT01145664).</p>