ABSTRACT
Background: Plateletpheresis is a lifesaving procedure in preventing and treating serious complications from bleeding and haemorrhage in patients having disorders manifesting as thrombocytopenia like in dengue patients, ITP, aplastic anemia and chemotherapy for leukaemia. Methods: In this study 100 healthy voluntary donors were enrolled after taking the informed written consent and adverse donor reactions of plateletpheresis were noted. Results: It was observed that out of 100 donors, only two donors had adverse effects during plateletphersis. Citrate toxicity was seen in one donor (1%) and one donor (1%) had bruising on the arm at venipuncture site during phlebotomy. Conclusion: Plateletphersis is one of the safest procedure in which adverse effects were managed conservatively and rarely donor need hospitalisation.
ABSTRACT
Papillary squamotransitional cell carcinoma is an uncommon histopathological variant of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, which occurs in postmenopausal women. A 45-year-old woman presented in the gynae OPD with history of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding with cauliflower like growth in the cervix .Patient was examined and biopsy was taken from the growth which reveal the diagnosis of papillary transitional cell carcinoma cervix on histopathology.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: Ever since the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 1882, many diagnostic methods have been developed. However “The gold standard” for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is still the demonstration of acid fast Bacilli (AFB) by microscopic examination of smear or bacteriological confirmation by culture method. Materials and Methods: In suspected 75 patients with active pulmonary TB, the materials obtained bronchoscopically, were bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), bronchial brushings, bronchial washings and post bronchoscopic sputum. Four smears were made from each of the specimen. Fluorescent Staining, Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN), Pap and May Grunwald‑Giemsa (MGG) stains were carried out for cytological examination. Results: Fluorescent stain yielded maximum AFB positivity in all the methods, that is 36 (48%) in post fibre‑optic bronchoscopy (FOB) sputum and 19 (25.33%) by fluorescence microscopy in both bronchial brushings and bronchial washings. Maximum yield of AFB with ZN staining 12 (16%) was equal to the post FOB sputum and bronchial brushings samples. It was followed by 6 cases (8%) in BAL and 4 (5.3%) in bronchial washings. The cytological examination was suggestive of TB in only 8 (10.66%) cases in bronchial washings and 6 (8%) cases in post FOB collection. It was equal in BAL and Bronchial brushings each that is 5 (6.67%). Conclusion: Bronchoscopy is a useful diagnostic tool and fluorescent microscopy is more sensitive than ZN and cytology. On X‑ray examination, other diseases like malignancy or fungus can also mimick TB. So apart from ZN staining or fluorescence microscopy, Pap and MGG stain will be worthwhile to identify other microorganisms.