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1.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 33(5): 476-482, Sept.-Oct. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, SES-SP | ID: biblio-977453

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: Elaboration and internal validation of the Quality of Life in Cardiovascular Surgery (QLCS) questionnaire adapted to the reality of Brazilian cardiovascular surgery. Methods: Cross-sectional pilot study of a prospective cohort included in the Documentation and Surgical Registry Center (CEDREC) for internal validation of the QLCS questionnaire. Four hundred forty-five patients submitted to cardiovascular surgery and who answered a QLCS questionnaire 30 days after hospital discharge were included. It was applied via telephone. To verify the questions' internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha was used. The total QLCS score was calculated as the sum of 5 questions, ranging from 5 to 25 points. Mann-U-Whitney test was used to relate the symptoms with the quality of life (QoL). Level of significance was 5%. Results: After 30 days of surgery, about 95% of the patients had already returned to normal routine and 19% of them were already performing physical activity. In the evaluation of the QLCS's internal consistency, a Cronbach's alpha of 0.74 was found, suggesting that this was probably an adequate questionnaire to evaluate QoL in this population. In the comparison between the presence and absence of symptoms and the median of QoL, the presence of pain at the incision (P=0.002), chest pain (P<0.001), shortness of breath (P<0.001), and return to physical activity (P<0.001) were statistically significant. Conclusion: The process of elaboration and validation of questionnaires includes a series of steps. The QLCS questionnaire is probably an adequate tool for the evaluation of QoL in the postoperative patient of cardiovascular surgery, in this first stage of internal validation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Quality of Life , Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Pilot Projects , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies
2.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 42(3): 97-107, July-Sept. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-958605

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Introdução A medicina é uma atividade laborativa conhecida por elevados padrões de exigência. O período de formação do profissional médico inclui a residência médica, etapa em que fatores estressores podem ser magnificados. Assim, essa população poderia estar mais suscetível a síndrome de exaustão emocional, despersonalização e reduzida realização profissional, conhecida como burnout. Objetivo Determinar a prevalência de burnout e de cada uma de suas dimensões na população de médicos residentes do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) e investigar características sócio-ocupacionais associadas. Métodos Estudo transversal com médicos residentes do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), realizado no período de dezembro de 2015 a janeiro de 2016, mediante aplicação de um instrumento informatizado que contém dois questionários: um com variáveis sociodemográficas e o questionário Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Análise estatística foi realizada pelo software SPSS versão 18, sendo utilizado o teste exato de Fisher e o teste do Qui-Quadrado de Pearson para as correlações. Resultados Dos 506 médicos residentes do HCPA, 151 participaram voluntariamente do estudo. Burnout esteve presente em 123 participantes (81,5%). "Exaustão emocional" foi a mais frequente dimensão (53%), seguida por "despersonalização" (47,7%) e "falta de realização profissional" (45%). Gênero masculino e residentes do segundo ano apresentaram maior possibilidade estatística de desenvolver burnout, sendo que os últimos também apresentaram menor realização profissional e maior despersonalização. Residentes do quarto ano estiveram menos associados à despersonalização e ao burnout de maneira global. Residentes de especialidades cirúrgicas estiveram menos associados à exaustão emocional. Cursar Psiquiatria mostrou-se um fator protetor para despersonalização, enquanto Radiologia apresentou ser um risco para essa dimensão. Conclusão A alta prevalência de burnout entre médicos residentes, especialmente entre aqueles que cursam o segundo ano, suscita preocupação, uma vez que pode levar ao risco de desenvolver depressão, ao abandono profissional e à diminuição na qualidade assistencial prestada aos pacientes. Assim, medidas preventivas contra seu desenvolvimento, associadas ao diagnóstico precoce e manejo clínico adequado, são fundamentais para a redução de sua prevalência.


ABSTRACT Introduction Medicine is a labor activity known for high standards of demand. The medical professional's training period includes medical residency, a step in which stressors factors can be magnified. Thus, this population could be more susceptible to the syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced professional accomplishment, known by burnout. Objective To determine the prevalence of burnout and of each of its dimensions in the population of medical residents of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) and to investigate associated socio-occupational characteristics. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out with medical residents of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) conducted from December 2015 to January 2016, using a computerized instrument containing two questionnaires: one with sociodemographic variables and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS Software version 18, using Fisher's exact test and Pearson's chi-square test. for correlations. Results Of the 506 HCPA medical residents', 151 participated voluntarily in the study. Burnout was present in 123 participants (81.5%). "Emotional exhaustion" was the most frequent dimension (53%), followed by "depersonalization" (47.7%) and "lack of professional achievement" (45%). Male gender and residents of the second year had a higher statistical possibility of developing Burnout, and the latter, also presented lower professional achievement and greater depersonalization. Fourth-year residents were less associated with depersonalization and burnout overall. Residents of surgical specialties were less associated with emotional exhaustion. Studying psychiatry was shown to be a protective factor for depersonalization, while radiology presented a risk to this dimension. Conclusion The high prevalence of burnout among medical residents especially among those attending the second year, raises concern, since it can lead to the risk of developing depression, to professional abandonment, to a decrease in the quality of care provided to patients. Thus, preventive measures against its development associated to the early diagnosis and adequate clinical management are fundamental for the reduction of its prevalence.

3.
RELAMPA, Rev. Lat.-Am. Marcapasso Arritm ; 30(3): f:104-l:113, jul.-set. 2017. graf, tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, SES-SP | ID: biblio-877285

ABSTRACT

A insuficiência cardíaca é um importante problema de saúde pública. As modificações cardíacas estruturais que surgem com o processo de cronificação da insuficiência cardíaca levam a anormalidades na contração miocárdica e à dessincronização ventricular. A terapia de ressincronização cardíaca busca o tratamento dessa dessincronia. Neste trabalho é feita revisão bibliográfica que busca evidenciar o papel da ressonância magnética nuclear cardíaca na terapia de ressincronização cardíaca. Apesar de ainda não existir um grande estudo randomizado comparando os métodos complementares disponíveis, a análise da literatura médica sugere que a ressonância magnética nuclear cardíaca venha a ter papel crucial na obtenção de melhores resultados da terapia de ressincronização cardíaca, principalmente após o surgimento dos novos ressincronizadores compatíveis. A qualidade da imagem capturada, com melhor caracterização da estrutura tecidual miocárdica, localização das áreas de fibrose, e mensuração mais acurada dos volumes ventriculares e índices funcionais, associado ao fato de ser um método menos dependente de operador, sem emissão de radiação ionizante, e que utiliza contrastes menos nefrotóxicos, a coloca como um dos melhores métodos complementares para avaliar selecionar candidatos, guiar o implante dos cabos-eletrodos e avaliar a resposta individual ao tratamento. No contexto da insuficiência cardíaca e da terapia de ressincronização cardíaca, a classe médica pode ter certeza e segurança em optar pela ressonância magnética nuclear cardíaca como método adequado e confiável para avaliação e acompanhamento de seus pacientes


Heart failure is an important public healthcare problem. Structural heart changes resulting from chronic heart failure lead to abnormalities in myocardial contraction and ventricular dyssynchrony. Cardiac resynchronization therapy attempts to treat this dyssynchrony. This is a literature review that seeks to determine the role of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in cardiac resynchronization therapy. Although there are no large randomized trials comparing the complementary methods available, a medical literature review suggests that cardiac magnetic resonance imaging plays a crucial role in obtaining the best results of cardiac resynchronization therapy, especially after the appearance of the new resynchronizers. The quality of the image captured with the best characterization of myocardial tissue structure, location of areas of fibrosis, and a more accurate measurement of ventricular volumes and functional indices, in addition to the fact that it is less operator dependent without ionizing radiation emition, which uses less nephrotoxic contrasts, turns it as one of the best complementary methods to evaluate, select candidates, guide electrode implantation and evaluate the individual response to treatment. In the context of heart failure and cardiac resynchronization therapy, doctors can be sure and confident in choosing cardiac magnetic resonance imaging as an adequate and reliable method for the evaluation and follow-up of their patients


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Diagnostic Imaging , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy/methods , Heart Failure , Stroke Volume , Fibrosis , Review Literature as Topic , Echocardiography/methods , Public Health , Defibrillators, Implantable , Electrocardiography/methods , Heart Ventricles , Myocardium
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