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1.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 34(6): 665-674, Nov.-Dec. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421754

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Walking is an economic activity, the more efficient the mechanical contribution, the less metabolic energy is necessary to keep walking. Patients with chronic heart failure and heart transplant present peripheral musculoskeletal disorders, dyspnea, and fatigue in their activities. Objective: In this scenario, the present study sought to verify the correlations between metabolic and electromyographic variables in chronic heart failure, heart transplant patients, and healthy controls. Methods: Regression and correlation between cost of transport and electromyographic cost, as well as correlation between oxygen consumption and muscle coactivation in patients and controls at five different walking speeds have been performed, with alpha = 0.05. Results: Strong correlation values (r controls: 0.99; chronic heart failure: 0.92; heart transplant: 0.88) indicate a linear relationship between the cost of transport and electromyographic cost. Oxygen consumption was significantly correlated to muscle activation in all groups. Conclusion: These results suggested that dynamic muscle coactivation was an important factor, especially for CHF and HT. These data support the idea that peripheral muscle limitations play an important role in people with CHF and HT. These findings indicate a strong relation between metabolic and electromyographic variables. For chronic heart failure and heart transplant patients, it can help to explain some difficulties in daily activities and aid in physical rehabilitation.

2.
Motriz rev. educ. fís. (Impr.) ; 19(2): 523-531, abr.-jun. 2013. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-678327

ABSTRACT

Durante exercícios realizados em máquinas de musculação, a força de atrito (FA) entre seus componentes mecânicos pode influenciar na magnitude da sobrecarga oferecida pela máquina para o praticante do exercício. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre como medir esse atrito e qual seu real efeito. Assim, os objetivos deste estudo foram (i) descrever uma técnica para medição da FA em máquinas de musculação, e (ii) exemplificar a técnica quantificando a FA de uma máquina de musculação durante exercício em diferentes velocidades e cargas. Foram utilizados diagramas de corpo livre, equações da mecânica clássica além da medição dos ângulos articulares com eletrogoniômetro, e da força aplicada ao cabo de aço com célula de carga, para estimar a força de atrito. Para testar a metodologia, um indivíduo realizou repetições do exercício variando cargas e velocidade de execução. As cargas avaliadas foram 3kg, 6 kg e 9 kg; e as velocidades foram 30º/s, 60º/se 120º/s. A FA, expressa em percentual da carga, mostrou-se crescente com o incremento de velocidade e decrescente com o aumento da carga. Resultados em torno 40% obtidos para a menor carga e maior velocidade sugerem que a força de atrito deve ser um fator levado em consideração na escolha e manutenção de equipamentos de musculação.


During exercises performed in weight training machines, the friction force (FF) between its mechanical components can influence the magnitude of the overload offered by the machine on force of the exercise. However, little is known about how to measure this friction and what its real effect. Thus the objectives of this study were (i) describe a technique for measuring FF in weight training machines, and (ii) exemplify the technique, by quantifying the FF of the weight training machine at different exercise speeds and loads. For this, a subject performed repetitions of the exercise in different loads and speeds. The loads evaluated were 3 kg, 6 kg and 9 kg; and the speeds were 30°/s, 60°/s and 120°/s. The FF, normalized by selected load, increased significantly with the increasing of the speed and decreased with increasing of the load. Results for friction force around 40% found for highest speed and lowest load show that take the FF in count it's an important factor to consider during muscle equipment choice and maintaining.


Subject(s)
Biomechanical Phenomena , Friction , Sports Equipment
3.
Braz. j. phys. ther. (Impr.) ; 15(1): 23-30, Jan.-Feb. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-582728

ABSTRACT

CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: A análise da mecânica externa dos exercícios de Pilates e da biomecânica das articulações pode subsidiar a prescrição de exercícios na reabilitação. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o comportamento do torque de resistência (ΓR) do exercício de extensão de quadril (EQ) realizado no Cadillac; realizar uma análise biomecânica a partir do comportamento do ΓR e das distâncias perpendiculares médias ponderadas (DPMPs) para estimar a força muscular resultante (FM R) dos extensores e flexores e propor critérios mecânicos para progressão do exercício de EQ realizado no Cadillac. MÉTODOS: Catorze praticantes de Pilates realizaram EQ no aparelho Cadillac em quatro situações em ordem aleatorizada - usando duas molas (vermelha e azul) fixadas em duas posições (alta e baixa). As posições angulares foram coletadas por meio de eletrogoniometria. Para o cálculo do ΓR, torque muscular (ΓM) e da FM R foram usados diagramas de corpo livre e equações de movimento. Os valores de DPMP dos músculos flexores e extensores do quadril foram quantificados usando dados da literatura. RESULTADOS: O ΓR e a FM R apresentaram comportamentos semelhantes em todas as situações, entretanto os valores máximos de ΓR não ocorrem na mesma posição articular que a FM R máxima. A DPMP dos flexores de quadril apresentou um comportamento crescente-decrescente, com máximo próximo aos 55º de flexão, enquanto os extensores de quadril apresentaram comportamento semelhante, com máximo próximo aos 25º de flexão. CONCLUSÃO: A análise biomecânica do exercício e a avaliação das características mecânicas associadas à articulação do quadril podem ser usadas como critérios objetivos de prescrição e progressão do exercício de EQ no Pilates.


BACKGROUND: The understanding of the external mechanics of Pilates exercises and the biomechanics of the joints may guide the prescription of rehabilitation exercises. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the resistance torque (ΓR) during hip extension (HE) exercises performed on the Pilates Cadillac. To perform a biomechanic analysis of the ΓR and the weighted mean moment arm (WMMA) in order to calculate the resultant muscle force (FM R) of the hip extensors and flexors. To present a mechanical criteria for progression of HE exercise on the Pilates Cadillac. METHODS: Fourteen participants performed HE exercises on the Cadillac in four randomly assigned situations - using two springs (blue and red), which were attached in two positions (high and low). Angular positions were measured using an electrogoniometer. In order to calculate ΓR, the muscle torque (ΓM) and FM R, free-body diagrams and movement equations were used. The WMMA of the hip extensors and flexors were estimated from the literature. RESULTS: The ΓR and FM R presented a similar behavior during all situations; however, the maximum ΓR values did not occur at the same joint position as the FM R maximum values. The WMMA of the hip flexors presented an increased- decreased behavior with greatest values around 55º of flexion, while the hip extensors presented a similar behavior with greatest values around 25º of flexion. CONCLUSION: Biomechanic analysis of HE exercises and the evaluation of mechanical features in relation to the hip joint may be used as an objective criteria for the prescription and progression of HE exercise in Pilates.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Exercise Movement Techniques , Exercise/physiology , Hip Joint/physiology , Hip/physiology , Muscle Strength/physiology , Biomechanical Phenomena , Exercise Movement Techniques/methods , Torque
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