ABSTRACT
Rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, is an effective target agent against the B lymphocytes in B-cell lymphoid malignancies and various lymphoproliferative diseases. Moreover, the toxicity of rituximab is less severe than that of conventional cytotoxic agents, which has promoted the widespread application of rituximab in the treatment of B-cell lymphoma. However, depletion of B lymphocytes by rituximab, which leads to secondary hypogammaglobulinemia, can cause deterioration of humoral immunity. Although immune reconstitution after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is known to prevent prolonged hypogammaglobulinemia, very few cases of long-standing hypogammaglobulinemia have been reported. We report herein a case of prolonged hypogammaglobulinemia after rituximab-containing chemotherapy and splenectomy in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and discuss the clinical significance and pathogenetic mechanism of this phenomenon with a literature review.