Cephalometric and anthropometric data of obstructive apnea in different age groups / Medidas cefalométricas e antropométricas do índice de apneia e hipopneia em diferentes faixas etárias

Introduction: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome usually present with changes in upper airway morphology and/or body fat distribution, which may occur throughout life and increase the severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with age. Objective: To correlate cephalometric and anthropometric measures with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome severity in different age groups. Methods: A retrospective study of cephalometric and anthropometric measures of 102 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was analyzed. Patients were divided into three age groups (≥20 and <40 years, ≥40 and <60 years, and ≥60 years). Pearson's correlation was performed for these measures with the apnea-hypopnea index in the full sample, and subsequently by age group. Results: The cephalometric measures MP-H (distance between the mandibular plane and the hyoid bone) and PNS-P (distance between the posterior nasal spine and the tip of the soft palate) and the neck and waist circumferences showed a statistically significant correlation with apnea-hypopnea index in both the full sample and in the ≥40 and <60 years age group. These variables did not show any significant correlation with the other two age groups (<40 and ≥60 years). Conclusion: Cephalometric measurements MP-H and PNS-P and cervical and waist circumfer- ences correlated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome severity in patients in the ≥40 and <60 age group. .

Introdução: Pacientes com a síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) geralmente apresentam alterações na morfologia das vias aéreas superiores e/ou na distribuição da gordura corporal, que podem ocorrer durante a vida e aumentar a gravidade da SAOS com a idade. Objetivo: Correlacionar medidas cefalométricas e antropométricas com a gravidade da SAOS em diferentes faixas etárias. Método: Estudo retrospectivo de medidas cefalométricas e antropométricas de 102 pacientes portadores de SAOS. Os pacientes foram divididos em três faixas etárias (≥20 e <40 anos, ≥40 e <60 anos, e ≥60 anos). Foi realizada correlação de Pearson destas medidas com o índice de apneia-hipopneia (IAH) na amostra completa e depois por faixa etária. Resultados: As medidas cefalométricas MP-H (distância entre o plano mandibular e o osso hioide) e PNS-P (distância entre a espinha nasal posterior e a ponta do palato mole) e as circunferências cervical e abdominal apresentaram correlação estatisticamente significante com o IAH tanto na amostra total quanto na faixa de <40 e ≥ 60 anos. Estas variáveis não mostraram correlação significante com as outras duas faixas etárias (≤ 40 e ≥ 60 anos). Conclusão: As medidas cefalométricas MP-H e PNS-P e as circunferências cervical e abdominal apresentaram correlação com a gravidade da SAOS em pacientes na faixa etária de ≥40 e <60 anos. .

Correlation of cephalometric and anthropometric measures with obstructive sleep apnea severity

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) often have associated changes in craniofacial morphology and distribution of body fat, either alone or in combination. AIM: To correlate cephalometric and anthropometric measures with OSAHS severity by using the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). METHOD: A retrospective cephalometry study of 93 patients with OSAHS was conducted from July 2010 to July 2012. The following measurements were evaluated: body mass index (BMI), neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), the angles formed by the cranial base and the maxilla (SNA) and the mandible (SNB), the difference between SNA and SNB (ANB), the distance from the mandibular plane to the hyoid bone (MP-H), the space between the base of the tongue and the posterior pharyngeal wall (PAS), and the distance between the posterior nasal spine and the tip of the uvula (PNS-P). Means, standard deviations, and Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated and analyzed. RESULTS: AHI correlated significantly with BMI (r = 0.207, p = 0.047), NC (r = 0.365, p = 0.000), WC (r = 0.337, p = 0.001), PNS-P (r = 0.282, p = 0.006), and MP-H (r = 0.235, p = 0.023). CONCLUSION: Anthropometric measurements (BMI, NC, and WC) and cephalometric measurements (MP-H and PNS-P) can be used as predictors of OSAHS severity...