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1.
Biota Neotrop. (Online, Ed. ingl.) ; 14(3): e20140094, July-Sept. 2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-950996

ABSTRACT

The Lowland Forest is one of the most disturbed and fragile ecosystems in the Atlantic Forest biome, yet little is known regarding its successional trajectory and resilience. We evaluated changes in species assemblages and forest structure of the canopy and understory along a successional gradient (young 21-yrs old forest, immature 34-yrs old forest and late successional 59-yrs old forest) aiming to assess changes in species composition and successional trajectory of different strata of secondary forests. A 0.1 ha plot (ten 10x10 m sub-plots) from each forest stand was surveyed for trees and shrubs with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 4.8 cm (canopy) and for individuals with heights ≥ 1 m and DBH < 4.8 cm (understory). A total of 3,619 individuals from 82 plant species were sampled. The successional gradient was marked by a unidirectional increase in species richness and a bidirectional pattern of density changes (increasing from young to immature forest and decreasing from immature to late successional forest). Community assemblages were distinct in the three forests and two strata; indicator species were only weakly shared among stands. Thus, each successional forest and stratum was observed to be a unique plant community. Our results suggest slight predictability of community assemblages in secondary forests, but a relatively fast recovery of forest structure.


As Florestas de Terras Baixas constituem um dos ecossistemas mais perturbados e frágeis no bioma Mata Atlântica, mas ainda pouco se sabe sobre sua trajetória sucessional e resiliência. Foram avaliadas alterações na composição de espécies e a estrutura florestal do dossel e sub-bosque ao longo de um gradiente sucessional (floresta jovem-21 anos, floresta imatura-34 anos, floresta madura-59 anos) com o objetivo de verificar as mudanças na composição de espécies e a trajetória sucessional de diferentes estratos destas florestas secundárias. Uma parcela de 0,1 ha (dez sub-parcelas de 10x10 m) foi estabelecida em cada floresta, amostrando-se árvores e arbustos com um diâmetro è altura do peito (DAP) ≥ 4,8 cm (dossel) e para indivíduos com altura > 1 m e DAP < 4,8 cm (sub-bosque). Um total de 3.619 indivíduos de 82 espécies de plantas foram amostrados. O gradiente sucessional foi marcado por um aumento unidirecional na riqueza de espécies com o tempo, e um padrão bidirecional de mudanças de densidade (aumentando da floresta jovem para a imatura e diminuindo da imatura para a madura). As assembléias de plantas eram distintas nas três florestas e nos dois estratos; espécies indicadoras foram pouco compartilhadas entre as florestas. Portanto, cada estádio da cronosequência e cada estrato representam uma comunidade única de plantas. Nossos resultados sugerem pouca previsibilidade das assembleias de plantas destas florestas secundárias, mas uma recuperação relativamente rápida da estrutura da floresta.

2.
Rev. biol. trop ; 57(3): 749-759, sep. 2009. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-637906

ABSTRACT

The study was carried out in a 3 000m2 area of coastal Atlantic rain forest at Ilha do Mel island (25o30’’S 48o23’W), on 100 assorted trees separated into 2 meter-high strata starting from the ground. In each stratum all of the occurring epiphytic species were recorded. The sampled species were grouped into three categories: exclusive, preferential, and indifferent, according to their abundance in each strata, and selective, preferential and indifferent, according to abundance on the forophytes. Intermediate strata registered the highest diversity. Six species were considered exclusive to one or two strata, 15 were restricted to some strata and 5 presented a broad distribution. No epiphytic species showed uniform horizontal distribution on the area. The epiphyte richness in a host tree varied from zero to 30. Regarding to fidelity on host tree species, few selective or preferential, and mainly indifferent epiphyte species, were found. A total of 82 epiphyte species were sampled in the surveyed tree, and the Wittaker plot indicate a highly dominant assemblage. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (3): 749-759. Epub 2009 September 30.


El estudio se realizó en un área 3 000 m2 de bosque atlántico húmedo en una isla brasileña, Ilha do Mel (25o30’’ S 48o23’ W). Seleccionamos 100 árboles de las 10 principales especies y las dividimos en estratos de dos metros a partir de la superficie del suelo. En cada estrato registramos todas las especies epífitas observadas. Las especies muestreadas fueron agrupadas en tres categorías: exclusivas, preferenciales, e indiferentes (según su abundancia en los estratos), y selectivas, preferenciales e indiferentes (según su abundancia en los árboles). Los estratos intermedios registraron las más altas diversidades. Seis especies fueron consideradas exclusivas a uno o dos estratos, 15 estuvieron limitadas a algunos estratos y 5 presentaron amplia distribución. Para ninguna especie epífita hubo distribución horizontal uniforme. La riqueza de las epífitas en un forofito varió de cero a 30 especies. Según la fidelidad de las epífitas en los árboles, registramos pocas especies selectivas o preferenciales y muchas indiferentes. En los 100 árboles examinados encontramos 82 especies de epífitas, y el diagrama del Wittaker indicó alta dominancia de unas pocas especies.


Subject(s)
Biodiversity , Symbiosis , Trees , Brazil , Population Density , Population Dynamics , Trees/classification
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