ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: over the past decades, air pollution in the urban areas has shown an increasing trend. Air pollutants have resulted in different diseases. The aim of this study was to study the air quality in Sanandaj City in 2015 and 2016 and investigate its potential relationship with cardio-respiratory disorders and premature birth
Material and Method: this was a cross-sectional [descriptive-analytic] study, in which air pollutants data [Particulate Matter [PM10], ozone, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen monoxide, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide] were collected from Department of Environmental Protection, Kurdistan Province. Data about cardio-respiratory diseases and preterm births were obtained from Tohid, Besat, and Tamin-e-Ejtemaee hospitals. Time series analysis was used to analyze the data
Result: the results showed that the levels of all air pollutants except particulate matters of less than 10 microns were lower than the annual allowed limit. Associated risk analysis showed relationship of particulate matters with increased mortality rate due to cardiovascular diseases. However, time series analysis showed that none of the air pollutants had statistically significant associtation with the mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases and number of premature births
Conclusion: the results of this study showed PM10 as the only pollutants in Sanandaj air which was outside the standard limits and showed no significant relationship with mortality rate of cardio-respiratory diseases
ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Fish are considered as one of the main aquatic organisms in the food chain. They have the potential to accumulate large amounts of heavy metals in their tissues. The purpose of this study was to measure the levels of five heavy metals [Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, and Zn] in the gill, liver, and muscle tissues of common carp, Capoeta trutta, and Grass carp in the Gamasyab River in 2015 as well as bioaccumulation study and hazard quotient determination [HQ]
Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which three species of fish in the Gamasyab River were caught in autumn and winter. The tissue preparation method was chemical digestion. Concentrations of heavy metals were measured using an ICP apparatus. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16
Results: Permissible limits of ingestion of heavy metals per day through consumption of the three aforementioned fish for an adult person with mean body weight of 70 kg were 0.021, 0.18, 3.5, 13.3, and 20.4 micrograms for cadmium, lead, chromium, copper and zinc, respectively, in this study. The Hazard Quotients [HQ] index was below 1 for all heavy metals
Conclusion: The Hazard Quotients [HQ] index of fish consumption in this study was less than 1 and indicated that consumption of these fish was harmless. But since heavy metals have the property of bioaccumulation, seasonal monitoring of heavy metals in this region is essential