Prevalência de Streptococcus agalactiae em gestantes atendidas em clínicas particulares em Caxias do Sul/RS / Prevalence of Streptococcus agalactiae in pregnant women assisted in clinical individuals in Caxias do Sul/RS

Introdução: A colonização por Streptococcus agalactiae em pacientes durante a gestação é um fator considerado grave para o recém-nascido. Essa bactéria em contato com o neonato é capaz de causar infecções neonatais graves, como sepse, pneumonia e meningite, principalmente em situações de parto prematuro e ruptura de membranas, quando não se tem tempo hábil para a realização do diagnóstico de colonização. Objetivo: avaliar a prevalência de colonização por S. agalactiae em gestantes atendidas em clínicas particulares no município de Caxias do Sul. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal e retrospectivo realizado entre janeiro de 2015 e janeiro de 2016, no qual foram analisados prontuários de pacientes gestantes. Resultados: Foram avaliados 174 prontuários de pacientes gestantes, nos quais 6,90% das pacientes apresentaram culturas positivas para S. agalactiae e 93,10% foram negativas. Para as pacientes positivas, observou-se que o antibiótico mais frequentemente utilizado foi a penicilina. Avaliaram-se, também, casos de infecções do trato urinário e observou-se que cinco gestantes, também colonizadas por S. agalactiae, tiveram infecção urinária, todas por Escherichia coli. Conclusões: O número de resultados positivos para S. agalactiae na pesquisa realiza foi baixo. As pacientes avaliadas não apresentaram complicações gestacionais ou para o concepto provavelmente devido às medidas profiláticas realizadas. Correlacionando o resultado deste trabalho com outros realizados no Brasil, percebeu-se a deficiência de estudos mais completos acerca dessa temática, os quais levam em consideração a idade gestacional, o sítio de coleta, o método utilizado para diagnóstico, bem como a utilização de metodologias confirmatórias.(AU)

Introduction: Streptococcus agalactiae colonization in patients during pregnancy is a serious factor for the newborn. This bacterium in contact with the neonate is capable of causing serious neonatal infections, such as sepsis, pneumonia and meningitis, especially in situations of preterm birth and membrane rupture when there is no time to perform the colonization diagnosis. Objective: to evaluate the prevalence of S. agalactiae colonization in pregnant attended at private clinics in the city of Caxias do Sul. Methods: a cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out between January 2015 and January 2016. Results: 174 medical records of pregnant women were evaluated, 6.90% of the patients presented S. agalactiae positive cultures and 93.10% were negative. For the positive patients it was observed that the most frequently used antibiotic was penicillin. We also evaluated cases of urinary tract infections and it was observed that five pregnant, also S. agalactiae colonized, had urinary infection, all of them due to Escherichia coli. Conclusion: The number of positive results for S. agalactiae in the research performed was low. The patients evaluated did not present gestational complications or for the concept probably due to the prophylactic measures performed. Correlating the results of this study with other studies carried out in Brazil, we noticed the lack of more complete studies about this subject, taking into account gestational age, collection site and method diagnosis used as well as the use of confirmatory methodologies.(AU)

Prevalence of intestinal parasites and socioeconomic evaluation of a country town in the Serra Gaucha region, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Worms are a serious public health issue in Brazil, easily transmitted in school-age children. To evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasites and socioeconomic conditions in students in Ipê city, the children's guardians filled in a questionnaire to evaluate their knowledge about parasitosis and basic sanitary conditions; then, feces were analyzed with sedimentation and centrifugation-fluctuation techniques. Out of 124 analyzed samples, a positivity rate of 8.1% was observed, with the presence of Entamoeba coli (50%), Giardia intestinalis (20%), Enterobius vermicularis eggs (20%) or multiple parasites. The students' average ages were 8.2±1.5, of which 53.2% were female. In relation to the questionnaires, 80.6% of the respondents answered assertively concerning the definition of a parasite, and 91.1% thought they knew how parasitoses are acquired. Regarding basic sanitation, only 4% of the studied population does not possess piped drinking water at home, and waste collection was done in 89.5% of the residences. The current study found a low frequency of parasitoses, which may be due to the level of information on the part of the parents or guardians, to the basic sanitary conditions of the respondents and to the high percentage (84.7%) of students who had already used anti-parasitic drugs.