ABSTRACT
Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the high-risk solid tumors in China. Although there has been more comprehensive progress on HCC caricinogenesis, migration and invasion, the 5-year survival is still poor. In recent years, it has been identified that tumor acidic microenvironment may promote the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this paper, combined with the latest research at home and abroad, the research progress on the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma under an acidic environment was reviewed.
ABSTRACT
SIRT6 is an important histone modifying protein that regulates DNA repair, telomere maintenance, energy metabolism, and target gene expression. Recently SIRT6 has been identified as a tumor suppressor and is down-regulated in certain cancer types, but not in other cancers. From deposited gene profiling studies we found that SIRT6 was overexpressed in prostate tumors, compared with normal or paratumor prostate tissues. Tissue micro-array studies confirmed the higher levels of SIRT6 in both prostate tumor tissues and prostate cancer cells than in their normal counterparts. Knockdown of SIRT6 in human prostate cancer cells led to sub-G1 phase arrest of cell cycle, increased apoptosis, elevated DNA damage level and decrease in BCL2 gene expression. Moreover, SIRT6-deficiency reduced cell viability and enhanced chemotherapeutics sensitivity. Taken together, this study provides the first evidence of SIRT6 overexpression in human prostate cancer, and SIRT6 regulation could be exploited for prostate cancer therapy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Apoptosis , Cell Cycle Checkpoints , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Cell Survival , DNA Damage , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Gene Knockdown Techniques , Prostatic Neoplasms , Genetics , Pathology , Therapeutics , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 , Metabolism , Sirtuins , Genetics , Metabolism , Up-RegulationABSTRACT
Objective To assess the effect of ongoing health education compared to a single comprehensive health program on nutritional knowledge,attitudes and practices(KAP) of hospitalized diabetes patients to provide a basis for improving health education for these patients.Methods Newlyhospitalized patients with diabetes were randomly classified into Group 1 ( Conventional Education Group; 50 cases) and Group 2 (Intensive Education Group; 58 cases).A single comprehensive health program was conducted for Group 1,and an ongoing health program was provided for Group 2. A self-designed questionnaire was administered to the two groups before and after the health education,and nutritional KAP of these patients were compared.ResultsIn both groups,after health education,the nutritional KAP of the newly enrolled inpatients were substantially improved.For control of total energy intake,control of salt intake and food exchanges,the improvement rates of Group 2 [ 88.4％ ( 38/43 ),84.6％ ( 33/39 ),60.9％ (28/46),respectively] were higher compared to Group 1 [71.1％ (27/38),65.6％ (21/32),40.0％ (16/40),respectively ].The differences were significant ( x21 =4.75,x22 =4.83,x23 =4.37,respectively,P ＜ 0.05).For importance of health education,the improvement rate of Group 2 [ 95.8％(23/24) ] was significantly higher than that of Group 1 [65.2％ ( 15/23),x2 =14.90,P ＜0.01 ].For therapeutic diet,the improvement rate of Group 2 was 14/14,significantly higher than that of Group 1 (5/13; x2 =44.40,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion Health education is an effective way to improve the nutritional KAP of inpatients with diabetes.An ongoing health program should have a more significant role in health education for these patients than a single program.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the prevalence of nutritional risks and malnutrition as well as the application of nutritional support in the department of geriatrics.Methods Elderly inpatients in the Geriatric Department of Peking University People's Hospital were consecutively enrolled from July 2010 to June 2011.Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 ( NRS 2002) was performed on the second day after admission,and nutritional support was investigated on the 14th day or the discharge day.The relationship between nutritional risk and nutritional support was analyzed.Results A total of 445 patients were enrolled,and 423 patients (95.1％ ) underwent NRS 2002.The overall prevalence of undernutrition was 4.7％ and nutritional risk was 13.2％.In 230 patients with overweight/obesity,the prevalence of nutritional risk was 6.1％.Nutritional support was provided to 15 patients (26.8％ ) with NRS2002≥3 and 14 patients (3.8％) with NRS 2002 ＜3.The average parenteral nutrition:enteral nutrition ratio was 1.6∶1.Conclusions A large proportion of elderly inpatients are at nutritional risk or suffer from undernutrition in the geriatric department in Beijing.The application of nutritional support currently is somehow inappropriate.Evidence-based guidelines are required to improve this situation.NRS2002 is not applicable for elderly inpatients with overweight/obesity.
ABSTRACT
One hundred and twenty elderly inpatients (average aged 78) were randomly sampled from the Department of Geriatrics, Peking University People's Hospital for a questionnaire survey on the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) before and after receiving nutritional education. The results showed that the average score for nutrition knowledge of the subjects was 46 ± 21 and 85 ± 18 before and after nutrition education respectively (P ＜0. 01 ); the progress for patients aged over 80 was more remarkable:nutrition knowledge score increased to 83 ± 18 from 41 ±21 on the admission ( P ＜0. 01 ). Before nutritional education, the rates of treatment diet implementation, ordinary diet implementation and hospital repast were 48.9%, 57.7% and 50. 8%, respectively, which reached to 93. 6%, 100. 0% and 95.0% after nutritional education (P ＜0. 01 ). The results indicate that the nutrition education is an effective approach to improve nutritional KAP among elderly inpatients. We propose to implement nutrition education in elderly inpatients as a routine clinical treatment measures.