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1.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 39(10): 1357-1363, Oct. 2006. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-437820

ABSTRACT

Quadriplegic subjects present extensive muscle mass paralysis which is responsible for the dramatic decrease in bone mass, increasing the risk of bone fractures. There has been much effort to find an efficient treatment to prevent or reverse this significant bone loss. We used 21 male subjects, mean age 31.95 ± 8.01 years, with chronic quadriplegia, between C4 and C8, to evaluate the effect of treadmill gait training using neuromuscular electrical stimulation, with 30-50 percent weight relief, on bone mass, comparing individual dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry responses and biochemical markers of bone metabolism. Subjects were divided into gait (N = 11) and control (N = 10) groups. The gait group underwent gait training for 6 months, twice a week, for 20 min, while the control group did not perform gait. Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine, femoral neck, trochanteric area, and total femur, and biochemical markers (osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase, pyridinoline, and deoxypyridinoline) were measured at the beginning of the study and 6 months later. In the gait group, 81.8 percent of the subjects presented a significant increase in bone formation and 66.7 percent also presented a significant decrease of bone resorption markers, whereas 30 percent of the controls did not present any change in markers and 20 percent presented an increase in bone formation. Marker results did not always agree with BMD data. Indeed, many individuals with increased bone formation presented a decrease in BMD. Most individuals in the gait group presented an increase in bone formation markers and a decrease in bone resorption markers, suggesting that gait training, even with 30-50 percent body weight support, was efficient in improving the bone mass of chronic quadriplegics.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Amino Acids , Bone Density , Electric Stimulation Therapy , Exercise Therapy , Osteoporosis/prevention & control , Quadriplegia/rehabilitation , Absorptiometry, Photon , Alkaline Phosphatase/blood , Biomarkers/blood , Case-Control Studies , Chronic Disease , Osteocalcin/blood
2.
J. bras. patol. med. lab ; 42(3): 157-162, jun. 2006. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-452996

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVO: O exame de urina é um procedimento de alta demanda, trabalhoso e pouco padronizado. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho de um citômetro de fluxo na realização do exame de urina de rotina. CASUíSTICA E MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas 1.140 amostras de urina através de microscopia óptica comum e de citometria de fluxo (UF-100/SYSMEX). A precisão foi estabelecida com a análise de quatro amostras de urina (20 replicações cada). O cálculo da reprodutibilidade foi realizado a partir de 30 determinações de dois controles comerciais em dias consecutivos. RESULTADOS: As contagens de hemácias e leucócitos mostraram concordância de 91 por cento e 93 por cento, respectivamente. Cilindros, células e bactérias mostraram sobreposição dos valores fornecidos pelo UF-100 quando comparados com os relatados na análise microscópica. A precisão do UF-100 variou de 4 por cento a 155 por cento, com reprodutibilidade de 3 por cento e 25 por cento, dependendo do parâmetro avaliado. CONCLUSÃO: O equipamento UF-100/SYSMEX demonstra boa precisão, reprodutibilidade e concordância com a microscopia óptica. A utilização da citometria de fluxo implica numa maior agilização e padronização da rotina, bem como em uma nova maneira de reportar e interpretar o exame de urina de rotina.


INTRODUCTION: Urinalysis is a high demand procedure, with large amount of manual labor and poorly standardized. The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the performance of an automated system based on flow cytometry for routine urinalysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed 1,140 urine samples by light field microscopy and by flow cytometry (UF-100/SYSMEX). For the precision study of the UF-100, we calculated the within-run and between-run coefficients of variation using two different levels of commercial controls and four different urine samples. RESULTS: Erythrocytes and leukocytes counts by the two methods showed an agreement of 91 percent and 93 percent, respectively. Casts, epithelial cells and bacteria counts by the UF-100 showed a significant overlap when compared to microscopic analysis. Intra assay precision (within-run) ranged from 4 percent to 155 percent and interassay precision (between-run) varied from 3 percent to 25 percent, depending on the considered parameter. CONCLUSION: Flow cytometry is a precise and reproducible technique, with a strong correlation with the results obtained by microscopic analysis. Flow cytometry allows a better workflow and a new manner of reporting and interpreting routine urinalysis.


Subject(s)
Flow Cytometry , Microscopy , Reproducibility of Results , Urine/cytology , Urine/microbiology , Urinalysis/methods , Hematocrit , Leukocyte Count , Reference Values
3.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 34(8): 993-1001, Aug. 2001. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-290147

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the present study was to validate the quantitative culture and cellularity of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). A prospective validation test trial was carried out between 1992 and 1997 in a general adult intensive care unit of a teaching hospital. Thirty-seven patients on mechanical ventilation with suspected VAP who died at most three days after a BAL diagnostic procedure were submitted to a postmortem lung biopsy. BAL effluent was submitted to Gram staining, quantitative culture and cellularity count. Postmortem lung tissue quantitative culture and histopathological findings were considered to be the gold standard exams for VAP diagnosis. According to these criteria, 20 patients (54 percent) were diagnosed as having VAP and 17 (46 percent) as not having the condition. Quantitative culture of BAL effluent showed 90 percent sensitivity (18/20), 94.1 percent specificity (16/17), 94.7 percent positive predictive value and 88.8 percent negative predictive value. Fever and leukocytosis were useless for VAP diagnosis. Gram staining of BAL effluent was negative in 94.1 percent of the patients without VAP (16/17). Regarding the total cellularity of BAL, a cut-off point of 400,000 cells/ml showed a specificity of 94.1 percent (16/17), and a cut-off point of 50 percent of BAL neutrophils showed a sensitivity of 90 percent (19/20). In conclusion, BAL quantitative culture, Gram staining and cellularity might be useful in the diagnostic investigation of VAP


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Bronchoalveolar Lavage/standards , Cross Infection/pathology , Lung/microbiology , Pneumonia, Bacterial/pathology , Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects , Biopsy/methods , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/cytology , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/microbiology , Bronchoscopy , Cross Infection/microbiology , Lung/pathology , Pneumonia, Bacterial/microbiology , Predictive Value of Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity
4.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 44(3): 176-8, jul.-set. 1998. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-215334

ABSTRACT

Introduçao e Objetivos. Ciclosporina A é uma droga imunossupressora potente e efetiva no combate à rejeiçao de órgaos transplantados. No presente estudo, os autores avaliaram o emprego de um imunoensaio monoclonal com fluorescência polarizada (FPIAm), como um método alternativo ao radioimunoensaio (RIA) para determinaçao dos níveis de ciclosporina em sangue total. Material e Métodos. Amostras de sangue de 65 pacientes submetidos a transplante renal foram colhidas em frascos com EDTA 12 horas após a última dose de ciclosporina, via oral. Os níveis de cilcosporina foram avaliados por meio de radioimunoensaio com anticorpo monoclonal e imunoensaio monoclonal com fluorescência polarizada. Resultados e Conclusao. A análise estatística revelou um coeficiente de correlaçao entre os métodos de r = 0,9817 e o teste t de Student pareado mostrou haver diferença estatisticamente significante entre eles (p<0,05). A análise da regressao revelou que os métodos poderiam ser comparáveis por meio da equaçao Cya(FPIAm) = 1,06xCya(RIA) + 5,8, mostrando que FPIAm é um excelente método alternativo ao RIA, com as vantagens de ser rápido, de fácil execuçao, reprodutível e com resultados comparavéis aos obtidos por RIA.


Subject(s)
Male , Humans , Female , Cyclosporine/blood , Immunosuppressive Agents/blood , Kidney Transplantation , Cyclosporine/therapeutic use , Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Radioimmunoassay , Regression Analysis , Reproducibility of Results
5.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 37(5): 467-9, set.-out. 1995.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-165516

ABSTRACT

Infeccao humana por Cryptosporidium spp e outros coccideos deve-se a microrganismos oportunistas hospedeiros nao-especificos e, em pacientes HIV positivos, os sintomas gastro-intestinais podem ser serios e prolongados incluindo nauseas, febre baixa, dores abdominais, anorexia e diarreia aquosa. Estudamos 188 amostras de fezes provenientes de 111 pacientes (84 homens e 27 mulheres, com idade media de 31 anos) com diarreia atendidos no Hospital das Clinicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Para deteccao de Cryptosporidium spp e Isospora belli empregou-se a tecnica de Ziehl-Nielsen modificada. 83 por cento dos pacientes (n=92) eram HIV positivos. Cryptosporidium spp foi observado em 18 por cento de todos os pacientes, sendo que destes, 90 por cento eram HIV positivos. Isospora belli foi evidenciada somente em pacientes HIV positivos, com uma frequencia de 5,4 por cento de todos os pacientes e de 6,5 por cento considerando-se apenas os pacientes HIV positivos...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Cryptosporidiosis/diagnosis , Coccidia/isolation & purification , Coccidioidomycosis/diagnosis , Cryptosporidium/isolation & purification , Diarrhea/etiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/pathology
6.
J. bras. patol ; 31(3): 106-9, jul.-set. 1995. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-166771

ABSTRACT

Microalbuminuria é a excreçåo urinária de pequenas quantidades de albumina, insuficiente para serem detectadas por métodos usais de dosagem de proteínas e possui valor preditivo para o desenvolvimento de proteinúria e insuficiência renal crônica. Radioimunoensaio com duplo anticorpo (RIA) é usualmente considerado como um método-padråo para esta dosagem. Com o objetivo de comparar as dosagens de albumina urinária por radioimunoensaio e por imunoturbidimetria (IT), foram analisadas 91 amostras de urina de pacientes diabéticos ou nåo. Verificamos nåo haver diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os valores obtidos por ambos os métodos e um coeficiente de correlaçåo r=0,99874, mostrando que a IT pode ser utilizada como um método alternativo ao RIA


Subject(s)
Albuminuria , Diabetes Mellitus , Glomerulonephritis , Nephelometry and Turbidimetry , Radioimmunoassay
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