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1.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 75(4): 237-243, jul.-ago. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-974049

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: El bajo peso neonatal (< 2.5 kg o < percentil 10) se atribuye a causas constitucionales (pequeño para la edad gestacional [PEG]) o a la restricción en el crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU), con riesgos posnatales diferentes. En ausencia de una valoración fetal-placentaria prenatal adecuada, resulta difícil establecerlo. El conocer los antecedentes maternos de enfermedades gestacionales (AMEG): hipertensión arterial (HTA), hipotiroidismo, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) gestacional y otra; pudiera orientar a la diferenciación y el manejo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar si la presencia de AMEG se asocia a complicaciones neonatales en productos de bajo peso neonatal. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en un grupo de 349 recién nacidos vivos de término (≥ 37 semanas de edad gestacional [SEG]), PEG, en cunero fisiológico y agrupados según los AMEG. Se determinó la frecuencia de dificultad respiratoria (DR), hipoglucemia (HG) e hiperbilirrubinemia (HBr). Resultados: El 16.6% (58/349) presentó AMEG (58.6% HTA y 41.3% hipotiroidismo, solos o combinados). Los neonatos con AMEG fueron más limítrofes (37 SEG, 55.2% vs. 35.1%; p = 0.037). Los de 37 SEG con menor peso (diferencia de ≈100 g; p = 0.028), más riesgo de HG (13.6%; intervalo de confianza al 95% [IC 95%]: −4.08-31.2) pero menos DR (diferencia de −4.7%; IC 95%: −20.6-11.05). La HG en los de 39 SEG solo se presentó en neonatos sin AMEG (diferencia 12.7%; IC 95%: 3.9 a 31.5) igual que la HBr (tres casos). Conclusiones: Indagar sobre los AMEG en un producto PEG parece ser útil en la inferencia de RCIU. Sin embargo, es insuficiente, por lo que en conjunto con otras herramientas nos ayuda a estimar posibles complicaciones y acciones preventivas.


Abstract Background: Low-birth-weight (LWB < 2.5 kg or <10 percentile) could be caused by constitutional matters or by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), both with different neonatal complications. Without an adequate prenatal evaluation is hard to stablish those conditions. Knowing the maternal history for gestational diseases (MHGD) such as hypertension (HTA), hypothyroidism or diabetes, among others could help clarify that difference. The aim of this work was to determine if having a MHGD is associated to neonatal complications in newborns with LWB. Methods: Retrospective cohort study, which included 349 with LWB at term (≥ 37 weeks of gestation [WG]) grouped into those with or without MHGD at a hospital nursery. The frequency of respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, and hyperbilirubinemia was determined. Results: 16.6% (58/349) had MHGD (58.6% for HTA and 41.3% hypothyroidism alone or combined). The neonate with MHGD were more borderline term (37 WGA, 55.2% vs. 35.1%; p = 0.037), and had lower weight (difference of ≈100 g; p = 0.028), had more cases with hypoglycemia (13.6%; CI 95%: −4.08 to 31.2%) but developed less respiratory distress (RD) (difference of −4.7%; CI 95%: −20.6 to 11.05%). Hypoglycemia in 39 WGA was only seen among neonates without MHGD (difference 12.7%; CI95%: 3.9 to 31.5%) just as for the hyperbilirubinemia cases (three). Conclusions: Inquiring about the MHGD on LBW term babies could be useful in the inference of IUGR, although we need other tools so that altogether can help to predict possible complications and to plan preventive actions.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/epidemiology , Fetal Growth Retardation/epidemiology , Hyperbilirubinemia/epidemiology , Hypoglycemia/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , Infant, Small for Gestational Age , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Cohort Studies
2.
Salud pública Méx ; 59(4): 370-379, Jul.-Aug. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-903781

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Objectives: To report the prevalence of severe functional difficulties and disability (SFD) in a nationally representative sample of children ages 5 to 17 in Mexico, to identify factors associated with SFD, and population profiles predictive of SFD. Materials and methods: Using data from the National Survey on Children and Women we estimated prevalence and 95% confidence intervals of SFD and risk factors. We fitted bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models. We then examined which combinations of the sociodemographic factors best predicted SFD. Results: The prevalence of SFD was 11.2%. The most prevalent SFD were on the socioemotional dimension (8.3%). The associated risk factors in the three dimensions were: living in a poor household, being a boy, having a mother with basic education or less, and non-indigenous background or living in an urban area. Conclusions: Identifying groups of the population at higher risk for SFD provides useful information for targeted intervention implementation.


Resumen: Objetivos: Reportar la prevalencia de dificultades funcionales y discapacidad severa (SFD) en una muestra nacional representativa de niños de 5 a 17 años en México; identificar los factores asociados con SFD; documentar los perfiles poblacionales que predicen SFD. Material y métodos: Se utilizaron los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Niñas, Niños y Mujeres en México; se estimaron prevalencias e intervalos de confianza al 95%. Se ajustaron modelos bivariados y multivariados. Se examinaron las combinaciones de factores sociodemográficos que mejor predecían la SFD. Resultados: La prevalencia de SFD fue de 11.2%. Las SFD más prevalentes fueron en la dimensión socioemocional (8.3%). Los factores de riesgo asociados en las tres dimensiones fueron pobreza, ser hombre, tener una madre con educación primaria o menor, no ser indígena o vivir en zonas urbanas. Conclusiones: Identificar a los grupos con mayor riesgo de SFD dentro de la población proporciona información útil para el desarrollo de intervenciones.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Socioeconomic Factors , Disabled Persons/statistics & numerical data , Neurodevelopmental Disorders/epidemiology , Punishment , Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data , Child Behavior Disorders/epidemiology , Family Characteristics , Prevalence , Health Surveys , Maternal Age , Sensation Disorders/epidemiology , Malnutrition/epidemiology , Educational Status , Growth Disorders/epidemiology , Mexico/epidemiology , Mothers/education
3.
Salud pública Méx ; 59(1): 19-27, Jan.-Feb. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-846053

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar la cobertura de la educación sexual integral (ESI) en México y describir su integralidad, homogeneidad y continuidad en cuanto a contenidos sobre salud sexual y reproductiva, autoeficacia, derechos y relaciones. Material y métodos: En una encuesta probabilística transversal con muestreo estratificado y por conglomerados, se aplicó un cuestionario sobre ESI a una muestra representativa a nivel nacional de 3 824 adolescentes de 45 escuelas de educación media superior públicas y privadas, en localidades urbanas y rurales. Resultados: El porcentaje de adolescentes que reportan recibir educación sexual integral varía dependiendo de los temas y nivel escolar. Los temas más frecuentes están relacionados con salud sexual y reproductiva; los menos tratados con derechos y relaciones. Los contenidos de educación sexual se trasmiten mayoritariamente durante la escuela secundaria. Conclusiones: Se requiere garantizar la integralidad, homogeneidad y continuidad de los contenidos de la ESI, asegurando que se imparta la totalidad de los temas planteados en recomendaciones nacionales e internacionales.


Abstract Objective: To analyze coverage of comprehensive sex education (CSE) in high schools in Mexico and describe whether it is comprehensive, homogeneous and has continuity based on student reports of exposure to topics in three dimensions: reproductive and sexual health, self-efficacy and rights and relations. Materials and methods: Within a probabilistic, cross-sectional survey with stratified, cluster sampling, a nationally representative sample of 3 824 adolescents attending 45 public and private high-schools in urban and rural areas completed questionnaires on CSE. Results: The proportion of adolescents reporting having received sex education from school personnel varies depending on topics and grade level. Topics most frequently covered are those related to sexual and reproductive health while rights and relations are least frequently dealt with. Most sex education topics are covered during junior high school and much less frequently in elementary or high school. Conclusions: CSE needs to be comprehensive and homogenous in terms of content, ensure inclusion of priority topics, meet national and international recommendations, ensure continuity and adapt contents to student age through all education levels.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Sex Education , Schools , Public Facilities , Cross-Sectional Studies , Curriculum , Private Facilities , Mexico
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