ABSTRACT
Purpose: To compare the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) and assess corneal nerve sensitivity (CNS) in diabetic and non?diabetic patients. To study the association of severity of DED in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and CNS in DED. Methods: A cross?sectional prospective comparative study was conducted on 400 patients attending the ophthalmology OPD. The patients above 18 years of age were divided into two groups—diabetic (T2DM) and non?diabetic. All patients were subjectively assessed for DED based on Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire and objectively, using Schirmer’s II test and Tear Film Break?Up Time (TBUT). Visual acuity assessment, anterior segment, and posterior segment evaluation were done. Results: Considering the SPEED score, Schirmer II values, TBUT values, and Dry Eye Work Shop (DEWS) II diagnostic criteria, mild DED was seen in 23% diabetic and 22.25% non?diabetic groups, moderate DED in 45.75% diabetic and 9.75% non?diabetic groups, and severe DED in 2% diabetic and 1.75% non?diabetic groups. Moderate DED was more common within all grades of DR. CNS was reduced more in diabetic group and also in patients with higher degree of DED. Conclusion: Prevalence of DED is more in the patients with T2DM. CNS was reduced more in patients with T2DM and in patients with moderate DED. Our study also correlated that severity of DR affects the severity of DED.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To compare the efficacy of ropivacaine with a mixture of lidocaine and bupivacaine in peribulbar anesthesia for cataract surgery, in terms of post?block intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods: A one?year comparative study was done to compare two anesthetic solutions in peribulbar anesthesia for cataract surgery, from January 2020 to December 2020 at a tertiary health care hospital. Two hundred patients (40� 70 years of age) planned for small?incision cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation under peribulbar anesthesia were included in the study. A single?site inferotemporal injection was given till a total eyelid drop was observed. The IOP was measured at four time?points: before block (control), 1?, 5?, and 15?minute post?block with a tonometer. Results: The 1?minute post?block mean IOP in both the groups was higher than the baseline levels. This reflected raised intraorbital pressure secondary to peribulbar injection of local anesthetic. However, the rise in 1?minute post?block IOP was significantly less in the ropivacaine group. The 5? and 15?min post?block mean IOP values in the ropivacaine group were significantly lower than the corresponding values of the lidocaine?bupivacaine group and baseline (control) ropivacaine values. Conclusion: The results of this study support that ropivacaine as a local anesthetic drug for peribulbar block for small?incision cataract surgery can be a suitable alternative to the lidocaine朾upivacaine combination. Studies involving a larger sample size are required to consider ropivacaine as a superior drug to the lidocaine朾upivacaine combination.