Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and its relation to histological grade, inducible nitric oxide synthase, matrix metalloproteinase-2, CD-34, Caspase-3, and CD8 in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast

To assess by immunohistochemistry the cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2] expression in invasive ductal carcinoma and its possible correlation with the histological grade, inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS], matrix metalloproteinase-2 [MMP2], and other common immunohistochemical parameters [CD-34, Caspase-3, and CD8]. This was a retrospective pathology archive study including 50 female patients and was performed in Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, and Sutcu Imam University, Kahraman Maras, Turkey. The routine hematoxylin-eosin staining and COX-2, iNOS, MMP-2, CD-34, CASP-3, and CD8 immunoperoxidase techniques were performed on paraffin-embedded tissues. The mean value of COX-2 was 274.02 +/- 54.49 and MMP-2 was 263.42 +/- 54.30, whereas the mean iNOS values were 258.10 +/- 56.05. CD-34 staining also yielded positive results as 26.18 +/- 8.00. The mean value of CASP-3 was 284.06 +/- 41.2 and CD8 was 164.17 +/- 69.5. This reveals an inverse correlation between CASP-S reactivity and CD8 [Spearman correlation [r]= -0.33, p=0.01]. There was also an inverse correlation between iNOS reactivity and patients age [r = -0.29, p=0.013]. There was a positive correlation with COX-2 and MMP-2 [p=0.00], but there was no relation with COX-2 and other parameters. COX-2 expression is an important parameter for invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. We found a positive correlation between COX-2 and MMP-2, whereas, we could not show direct correlation between COX-2 and iNOS, CD-34, CASP-3, and CD8

Glomus tumor of the hip. An unusual location

Glomus tumors are usually benign neoplasms that occur in the dermis or subcutaneous tissues of the extremities. They occur very rarely in the hip. We report a patient with severe pain and tenderness in the left hip, especially on palpation, and in the sitting position. On physical examination, there was a soft palpable subcutaneous mass and severe tenderness in the left hip. Ultrasound revealed a hypervascular subdermal mass that was 1.2 cm in diameter, which was subsequently totally excised under local anesthesia. The histopathologic diagnosis was a glomus tumor. The patient has been symptom-free for 3 months of follow-up