Telelaryngoscopic Findings in the Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis with Diplophonia / 대한이비인후과학회지

OBJECTIVES: Diplophonia is the voice of two separate tones through quasi-periodic variations in the vocal cord vibration when an imbalance in the tension and the level applied to the vocal cords. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the occurrence of the diplophonia and the endoscopic findings in the unilateral vocal cord paralysis. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A retrospective review was employed using video recorded images of larynx with unilateral vocal cord paralysis. A total 104 patients selected for this study complained of voice change due to unilaterally paralyzed vocal cord. Video-recordings were obtained using a laryngeal telescope. The paralyzed positions, bowing, shapes of the paralyzed arytenoids and level differences between two vocal folds were evaluated according to whether diplophonia. existed or not. RESULTS: A large number of patients of paramedian paralysis showed diplophonia when the bowing of paralyzed vocal fold was shown. However, diplophonia was shown in a small number of patients with median and intermediate paralysis. Diplophonia also seems to occur when the vertical mismatch was shown. CONCLUSION: Occurene of diplophonia depends largely on the paralyzed position, adequate glottal gap such as paramedian position, with the presence of bowing of paralyzed vocal cord.

Expression of Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 and Ki-67 in the Thyroid Neoplasms

PURPOSE: Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) has been known to regulate the transcriptional activity of thyroid-specific genes. Ki-67 has been known as a marker for indicating tumor growth. This study was designed to campare the expressions of TTF-1 and Ki-67 on non- neoplastic and neoplastic thyroid tissues. METHODS: The surgically resected specimens of various histological types of thyroid tumor, from the files of the Dept. of surgery, Chung-Ang University Pil-Dong Hospital, between January 1998 and June 2002 were reviewed, and 55 cases selected for immunohistochemical studies. The materials consisted of tissues from 10 nodular hyperplasias, 28 papillary carcinomas, 15 follicular adenomas and 12 follicular carcinomas. All specimens were routinely processed, and paraffin blocks were available in all cases. Immunohistochemical stains for TTF-1 and Ki-67 were also performed. RESULTS: In all the cases, including the nodular hyperplasias, papillary carcinomas, follicular adenomas and follicular carcinomas, expressions of the TTF-1 were observed. The properties of the TTF-1 expression, including staining intensity, extent and index were not related to the tumor type. The expression of TTF-1 was inversely correlated with the tumor proliferation fraction, as assessed by the Ki-67 staining index. CONCLUSION: TTF-1 was expressed in almost all the benign lesions and well differentiated carcinomas, and correlated with the tumor proliferation fraction.