ABSTRACT
Objective@#Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder and its aetiology is not fully understood. This study aimed to determine whether the CCL5 and CCL11 influence the ADHD aetiology by comparing serum CCL5 and CCL11 levels of children with ADHD and typical development. @*Methods@#This study included 45 (27 males, mean age = 8.9 ± 1.7 years) treatment-naive patients diagnosed with ADHD and 35 (20 males, mean age = 8.8 ± 1.6 years) healthy controls. Participants ranged in age between 6−12 years and completed the Conners Teacher Rating Scale that assesses ADHD presentation and severity. CCL5 and CCL11 serum levels were also measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. @*Results@#Significantly higher serum CCL5 levels were found in children with ADHD compared to healthy controls (p ＜ 0.001). No significant difference was found between the mean serum CC11 level of the patients and controls (p = 0.93). In addition, there was no significant correlation between the serum CCL5 and CCL11 levels and predominant presentations of ADHD and disease severity. @*Conclusion@#This study suggests that there are higher levels of serum CCL5 in drug naive children with ADHD, this findings suggest that CCL5 might play a role in the pathophysiology of ADHD. Moreover, these changes in peripheral blood may have therapeutic value. In addition, these results help to understand the role of chemokines in elucidating the etiopathogenesis of ADHD. Our results can be considered as the first step in investigating the role of CCL5 in ADHD, and further research is needed to support these initial findings.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To assess the effects of tumor size, proximity to midline and invasion depth of oral cancer of the tongue [TC] on neck metastasis and recurrence
Methods: In this retrospective observational study, was conducted through a chart review of the 11 male and 9 female patients who underwent surgeries with the diagnosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma and at least one side neck dissection. We wanted to assess effects of tumor size, proximity to midline, and invasion depth of TC, according to the surgical specimens and pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging, on neck metastasis and recurrence between 2007 and 2014. The study was conducted in a training hospitalbased otorhinolaryngology clinic. Statistical analyses were performed to determine possible relationship between such tumor features and tumor recurrence and neck metastasis
Results: Statistically significant relationship were detected between recurrence and the proximity of tumor to midline [p=0.031] and between invasion depth and neck metastasis [p=0.017]. No relationship was found between tumor size and recurrence and neck metastasis [p=0.721 and p=0.827, respectively]
Conclusions: Parameters like invasion depth and tumor proximity to midline might provide useful information about prognosis and may help to determine a treatment schedule in patients suffering from cancer of the tongue. The present TNM classification might not be sufficient to provide enough information to determine prognosis and staging adequately in these patients
ABSTRACT
The aim was to evaluate pathologic diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of 125 patients with nontransitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. A total of 3590 patients with bladder tumors operated in our clinic between September 1998 and May 2013 were retrospectively evaluated. A total of 125 patients [107 men and 18 women] with nontransitional cell bladder cancer, confirmed by histopathology, were included in this study. The patients' characteristics, including age, gender, smoking history, tumor size, and localization, histological types, pathological tumor stages, treatment modalities, and survival rates were all recorded. Of these tumors, 47 [37.6%] were adenocarcinoma [AC], 42 [33.6%] were squamous cell carcinoma [SCC], 23 [18.4%] were undifferentiated carcinoma [UC], 13 [10.4%] were other types of bladder carcinoma. Sixty-three [50.4%] patients had undergone radical cystectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy +/- adjuvant treatment [chemotherapy [CT]/radiotherapy] and 52 [41.6%] patients received radiotherapy +/- CT. The median survival time of patients with AC and SCC were significantly higher than patients with UC [AC vs UC, P = 0.001; SCC vs UC, P = 0.000; AC vs. SCC, P = 0.219]. Median survival time was significantly higher in radical cystectomy +/- adjuvant treatment group [P < 0.05] in all histological types. Prognosis of urinary bladder tumors was directly related to histological type and stage of the tumor. CT or radiotherapy has limited response rates. Early radical cystectomy should be performed to improve prognosis