ABSTRACT
El artículo presenta los resultados del estudio "Ética en la Formación en Psicología Comunitaria" en Uruguay. Para la Psicología Comunitaria la dimensión ético-política es fundamental, por lo que su presencia en la formación profesional y académica es muy relevante. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo exploratorio, relevando y analizando los syllabus de cursos de Psicología Comunitaria y afines, en el Plan de Estudios 2013 de la Licenciatura de Psicología (Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de la República). Se abordaron las siguientes dimensiones: trabajo de campo, enfoque ético-político y metodología de enseñanza. Entre los resultados se destaca la presencia de la ética y de lo político en las guías de curso y el énfasis en la reflexión ética durante el desarrollo de prácticas curriculares. En la discusión se exponen las oportunidades, los riesgos y los desafíos involucrados en dichos resultados. Se concluye en la necesidad de atender esta dimensión en la formación, en el marco de las características que presenta la sociedad contemporánea y sus requerimientos para la Psicología Comunitaria.
The paper presents the results of the study "Ethics in the Professional Training in Community Psychology" in Uruguay. For Community Psychology the ethical-political dimension is fundamental and, therefore, its presence in professional and academical training is very relevant. A descriptive exploratory study was conducted, collecting and analyzing data from the syllabus of Community Psychology and related disciplines courses, in the 2013 Curriculum of the Bachelor's Degree in Psychology (Psychology School, Universidad de la República). The following dimensions were addressed: fieldwork, ethical-political approach and teaching methodology. Among the results, the presence of ethics and politics in courses guidelines and an emphasis in ethical reflection during curricular practices stand out. In the discussion, the opportunities, risks and challenges involved in said results are exposed. It is concluded the necessity of attending to this dimension in the professional training, within the framework of the characteristics that contemporary society presents and its requirements for Community Psychology.
O artigo apresenta os resultados do estudo "Ética na Formação em Psicologia Comunitária" no Uruguai. Para a Psicologia Comunitária, a dimensão ético-política é fundamental e, por isso, sua presença na formação profissional e acadêmica é muito relevante. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo exploratório, relevando e analisando os syllabus de disciplinas de Psicologia Comunitária e afins no Currículo 2013 do Bacharelado em Psicologia (Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidad de la República). Foram abordadas as dimensões a seguir: trabalho de campo, enfoque ético-político e metodologia de ensino. Entre os resultados se destaca a presença da ética e a política nas guias de disciplina e a ênfase na reflexão ética durante as práticas curriculares. Na discussão são expostos as oportunidades, os riscos e os desafios envolvidos nos referidos resultados. Conclui-se na necessidade de atender esta dimensão na formação, no contexto das características que apresenta a sociedade contemporânea e seus requerimentos para a Psicologia Comunitária.
Subject(s)
Psychology, Social , Ethics , Educational Measurement , Professional TrainingABSTRACT
Research in diagnostic accuracy studies (DAS) is a rapidly developing area in medicine, but there are only three instruments used in this scenario. The aim of this study was to design and validate a scale to determine methodological quality (MQ) of DAS. Scale validation study. A systematic literature review about the MQ of diagnostic accuracy studies was accomplished, and an expert panel generated a first draft (content validity) of the scale. An alphanumeric order was given and rated by six researchers (second draft) and a pilot study to optimise its use and understanding was performed (third draft). Two independent researchers applied the final scale (9 items/3 domains) to 110 articles from 13 journals with high, medium and low impact factors. Criterion validity was determined by contrasting MQ scores with the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine levels of evidence. The construct validity of the extreme groups and high and low IF were estimated. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to determine inter-observer reliability, and the cut-off point was calculated using a ROC curve. The best cut-off point was 24 points, with an under curve area of 93.4 %. The content validity rating was 80-100 % for all included items. Criterion and construct validity were statistically significant with p<0.05. Interobserver reliability was estimated in 0.96. A scale to measure the MQ of DAS was designed and validated.
La investigación en estudios de precisión diagnóstica (EPD) es un área de rápido desarrollo en medicina, sin embargo, en este escenario sólo existen tres instrumentos. El objetivo de este estudio fue diseñar y validar una escala para determinar calidad metodológica (CM) de EPD. Estudio de validación de escala. Se realizó una extensa revisión de la literatura sobre el CM de EPD y un panel de expertos generó un primer borrador (validez del contenido) de la escala. Se asignó un orden alfanumérico, el que evaluado por 6 investigadores independientes (2º borrador). Posteriormente, se realizó un estudio piloto para optimizar el uso y entendimiento (3º borrador). Dos investigadores independientes aplicaron la escala final (9 ítems / 3 dominios) a 110 artículos de 13 revistas con factores de impacto alto, medio y bajo. Se determinó validez de criterio contrastando puntuaciones de CM con niveles de evidencia del Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Se determinó validez de constructo de grupos extremos (factores de impacto alto y bajo). La confiabilidad interobservador se estimó aplicando coeficiente de correlación intraclase. Finalmente, se evaluaron puntos de corte construyendo curvas ROC. El mejor punto de corte fue 24 puntos (área bajo la curva de 93,4 %). La validez de contenido fue de 80-100 % para todos los elementos incluidos. Validez de criterio y constructo fueron estadísticamente significativos (p<0,05). La confiabilidad interobservador fue de 0,96. Se diseñó y validó una escala para medir el CM de EPD.
Subject(s)
Quality Control , Evidence-Based Medicine , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Reproducibility of Results , ROC CurveABSTRACT
Background: To validate the BIRADS in mammography, the calculation of its predictive value in each center is required, as recommended by the American College of Radiology. Aim: To determine the predictive value of the BIRADS system in our center. Material and Methods: All ultrasound guided needle percutaneous biopsies, performed at our center between 2006 and 2010 were reviewed. Predictive value, sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of BIRADS were calculated, with a confidence interval of 95%. Results: Of 1,313 biopsies available, 1,058 met the inclusion criteria. Fifty eight percent of biopsies were performed to women with mammographies classified as BIRADS 4 or 5. The presence of cancer in mammographies classified as BIRADS 0 was 4%. The prevalence of cancer for mammographies BIRADS 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were 0, 3, 2.7, 17.7 and 72.4% respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of BIRADS classification were 55 and 92 % respectively. Conclusions: In our institution BIRADS classification 4 and 5 has a high positive predictive value for detecting cancer as in developed countries.