ABSTRACT
To determine the frequency of incidental carcinoma of the gallbladder in specimens following routine cholecystectomy. Descriptive case series. Department of Surgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, from February 2008 to January 2011. All patients with symptomatic gallstone disease of either gender having age range between 12-70 year were included. Patients with diagnosed gallbladder malignancy, gallbladder mass, empyema gallbladder and gallstones associated with obstructive jaundice were excluded. Following cholecystectomy all the specimens were sent for histopathological examination. Two hundred and sixty patients including 65 males and 195 females [M: F ratio 1:4] aged 12-70 year and having a mean age of 41.7 year [ +/- SD 2.4], were studied. Commonest presentations were pain right hypochondrium and a positive Murphy's sign [87.71%] followed by dyspepsia[55%], nausea, vomiting [40%], pyrexia [31.92%] and weight loss [05%]. Eleven [4.23%] patients had a diagnosis of malignancy of gallbladder at histopathology examination. Mean age for patients with malignancy was 55.25 year with a male to female ratio of 01:10. Well differentiated adenocarcinoma was reported in 45.45% cases, moderately differentiated in 36.36%, poorly differentiated in 09.09% and undifferentiated in 09.09% patients. Routine histopathology of gallbladder following cholecystectomy is helpful in early detection of carcinoma gallbladder
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis and management strategies of intrauterine growth retardation. Design: A descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Radiology Department, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from April 1998 to August 1999. Patients and The study population comprised of 206 subjects evaluated for suspected intrauterine growth retardation. Grey scale as well as Doppler ultrasound findings were evaluated and compared against post-natal outcome. One hundred and eight out of 206 subjects showed positive imaging results with 40 false positive and 20 false negative subjects. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values were 77.8%, 66.1%, 55.6%, and 45.1% respectively. Forty subjects showed false positive results on imaging [low biophysical profile score and Grey scale biometry discrepancy] while 20 of the subjects showed false negative results [normal on US imaging] when compared with postnatal neonatal body weight criteria. Twenty-two subjects had oligohydramnios with amniotic fluid index below 5 percentile for their respective gestational ages [20%] out of 108. Obstetric and Doppler ultrasound is an accurate method for diagnosis and management of fetal growth retardation