ABSTRACT
Objective: To review uncommon sites of hydatid cysts and to assess radiological features of hydatid disease in head, neck, spine and heart
Methodology: A retrospective study of 50 cases of hydatid disease attended at Radiology department of Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar between May 2012 and November 2013 was conducted to determine the incidence and imaging presentations of atypical localization of the disease. After taking permission from ethical committee, indoor and outdoor patients with hydatid cysts were selected for the study. All data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 10.0.The data was assessed using Microsoft excel 2007
Results: A total number of 50 patients had Hydatid cysts. Two patients had multiorgan involvement i.e., one had liver and lung involvement while other had liver and brain involvement. The cysts were present in brain [n=3, 6%], spine [n=2, 3%], neck soft tissues [n=1, 1%], heart [n=2, 3%], ovary [n=3, 6%], kidney [n=1, 1%], spleen [n=3, 6%], peritoneal cavity [n=2, 4%] and pancreas [n=1, 1%]. Liver was involved in 20 [41%] cases while lung was involved in 14 [28%] cases
Conclusion: Hydatid disease can involve unusual sites like heart, brain, neck, spine and pancreas. It may occur anywhere, from the big toe to the crown of the head and should be kept in consideration when a cystic lesion is encountered anywhere in the body especially in endemic areas
ABSTRACT
Objective: to compare the effects of 2 units and 5 units bolus doses of oxytocin on heart rate
and mean arterial pressure during elective caesarian section under spinal anesthesia
Material and Methods: randomized control study, conducted over 6 months period on 150 patients at Maula Baksh Teaching Hospital Sargodha by dividing into 2 groups[group A and group B],through lottery method for randomization of oxytocin allocation
Results: in our study, majority of the patients i.e. 45.33% [n=34] in Group-A and 38.67% [n=29] in Group-B were between 26-30 years of age, mean +/- SD was calculated as 27.85+/-3.54 years. ,while 60% [n=45] in group A and 56% [n=42] in group B were between 37-39 weeks of gestation ,mean +/- SD was calculated as 38.63+/-4.61wks.Blood loss in both groups shows insignificant difference by recording 187.43+/-18.65 ml in Group-A and 194.24+/-21.47 ml in Group B, comparison of tachycardia in both groups was done which shows 32% [n=24] in Group-A and 61.33% [n=46] in Group-B while which shows a significant difference in both groups while hypotension was recorded as 4% [n=3] in Group-A and 17.33% [n=13] in Group-B, p value was calculated as <0.01
Conclusion: we concluded that frequency of tachycardia and hypotension in patients administered with 2 IU bolus dose of oxytocin is significantly lesser as compared to SIU bolus dose and there is no difference in the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage
ABSTRACT
To determine the association of steroid receptor expression and HER-2/Neu expression in different age groups in breast cancer patients at Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi. Descriptive study Department of Oncology, CMH Rawalpindi, from Jan 2009 to December 2010. A prospective study in which 257 patients, of both genders more than 18 years old with histopathological diagnosis of carcinoma breast, were stratified into three age groups [<35 years, 35-50 years and >50 years]. Estrogen and progesterone receptor and HER-2/neu receptor status was determined in all the patients. Positive status of either estrogen or progesterone receptor was considered as steroid receptor positive. Association of HER-2/neu with the steroid receptors was determined in all the age groups. Estrogen receptor was positive in 95 [38.2%] patients. Progesterone receptor was positive in 144 [57.8%] patients. Steroid receptor was positive in 160 [64.3%] patients. One third [32.9%] of the patients were positive for HER-2/neu. Positive cases of HER-2/neu were significantly higher in negative steroid receptor cases as compared to positive cases [50.6% vs. 23.1%, OR = 3.324, p<0.001]. In age groups "35 - 50 years" and "> 50 years", this inverse association of HER-2/neu status with steroid receptor was significant. HER2/neu receptor status should be determined in all patients but if it is not possible due to the local availability of facilities as well as affordablility of the patients, patients who are steroid receptor negative should be referred to laboratories capasle for accurate determination of HER-2/neu receptor status as these patients are more likely to be positive for HER-2/neu receptor status