ABSTRACT
Background:Antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy has been claimed to deteriorate bone health. Majority of the research was inclined towards vitamin-D deficiency as the patho-mechanism. However, after the role of Wnt in bone metabolism was discovered, it has paved way for investigating the role of Wnt inhibitors in mediating effects on bone accrual. Recently, we have reported the modulation of two Wnt inhibitors, sclerostin and dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), following AED therapy in Indian women with epilepsy, however, the subgroup analysis for individual drug is elucidated in this report. Methods: Individual analysis for our earlier cross-sectional study on three AEDs, carbamazepine (CBZ), sodium valproate (SVP) and levetiracetam (LTM), on sclerostin and dickkopf-1, and their correlation with receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) was assessed in Indian women with epilepsy. Results: We observed enhanced sclerostin and 25OHD levels with all three AEDs while serum RANKL was higher with SVP and LTM only. Further, serum DKK-1 levels were lowered with CBZ and LTM. Sclerostin showed a positive correlation with RANKL in CBZ group, while DKK-1 presented no such relationship
ABSTRACT
To outline major indications and post operative complications in patients undergoing hysterectomy with a benign condition in Combined Military Hospital [CMH] Rawalpindi. A descriptive study. The study was carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology CMH Rawalpindi from January 2008 to January 2010. A total of 321 patients were selected for enrollment in study out of 510 hysterectomies done in Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi for various indications. The age of the women ranged between 40-65years. Among the indications were dysfunctional uterine bleeding [DUB], uterine fibroids, post menopausal bleeding and uterovaginal prolapse. All other cases with advanced pelvic malignancies and endometriosis were excluded. Record was maintained with detailed profile of all the patients. Operative findings and complications were recorded in profile data by principal investigator and co-researchers. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding remained the top most indication of hysterectomy [45%] and the complication rate remained 8.7%.With DUB as the commonest cause of the hysterectomy, the researchers need to work more in medical conservative techniques to avoid surgical morbidity, associated with hysterectomy.
ABSTRACT
The present research was designed to investigate the differences in psychosocial adjustment of educated and uneducated infertile females. Cross Sectional study. The data was collected from infertility Advisory Center, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Fatima Memorial Hospital and Jinnah Hospital Lahore, from March 2005 to July 2005. The total sample consisted of 50 diagnosed infertile females, age range 25-45 years, prerequisite condition was that they had a minimum duration of marriage of three years without children and were under the treatment. In study, 40 translated items were used to assess the psychosocial adjustments, which were derived from Bell Adjustment Inventory [BAI]. The data was analyzed by the help of SPSS. Results indicated that there is a significant difference [t=3.39 and p<0.05] between psychosocial adjustment of educated and uneducated infertile females. The social class, employment and unemployment factors have also significant impact on adjustment of infertile females. It is concluded that the educated infertile females show greater psychosocial adjustment than uneducated infertile females. This relationship will further help to explore other psychosocial dimension of infertile patients