Localization of Placenta in Scanning by In113m Radiopharmaceuticals

Placenta previa is a common grave complication of late pregnancy, usually manifestated clinically by painless antenatal vaginal bleeding. Digital and rectal examinations are dangerous, due to the possibility that profuse hemorrhage from the vagina may result. Various radiological examinations have been performed in placenta previa for diagnosis and localization. However radioisotopic methods are superior due to safety, simplicity and a lower radiation dose, both fetal and maternal, compared to plain radiography. Among radiopharmaceuticals, In113m (transferrin for blood pool scan) is useful, giving more satisfactory results without any complications or untoward reactions. In our series of 88 cases from March 1971 to April 1975, In113m placental scan was performed and analysed in 62 cases which were confirmed by clinical follow up and the results are as follows: 1) Maternal age pattern. Mothers 31~35 years were 20/62 or 30.6%. 2) Maternal gravida pattern. All were multipara except 8 cases of primipara. 3) Gestational maturity on scan. 40/62 or 64% were before 36weeks or less in maturity. 4) On scan analysis Placenta previa was confirmed in 36/62 cases or 58%. 5) Fetal maturity. On delivery most were full term, 42/62 or 67.7%. 6) Vaginal delivery was done on cases where placenta was localized in the upper uterine segment, except for three who had fetal malpresentation and congenital anomaly of the maternal pelvis. All patients of placenta previa had cesarian section, except 5 cases with a minor degree of placenta previa. 7) Two cases showed false negative, which suggests 97% accuracy in the screening test of placenta previa by scan, wich is a similar result to other reports. Only 4 cases of false positive discrepancy were noted.

Localization of Placenta in Scanning by In113m Radiopharmaceuticals

Placenta previa is a common grave complication of late pregnancy, usually manifestated clinically by painless antenatal vaginal bleeding. Digital and rectal examinations are dangerous, due to the possibility that profuse hemorrhage from the vagina may result. Various radiological examinations have been performed in placenta previa for diagnosis and localization. However radioisotopic methods are superior due to safety, simplicity and a lower radiation dose, both fetal and maternal, compared to plain radiography. Among radiopharmaceuticals, In113m (transferrin for blood pool scan) is useful, giving more satisfactory results without any complications or untoward reactions. In our series of 88 cases from March 1971 to April 1975, In113m placental scan was performed and analysed in 62 cases which were confirmed by clinical follow up and the results are as follows: 1) Maternal age pattern. Mothers 31~35 years were 20/62 or 30.6%. 2) Maternal gravida pattern. All were multipara except 8 cases of primipara. 3) Gestational maturity on scan. 40/62 or 64% were before 36weeks or less in maturity. 4) On scan analysis Placenta previa was confirmed in 36/62 cases or 58%. 5) Fetal maturity. On delivery most were full term, 42/62 or 67.7%. 6) Vaginal delivery was done on cases where placenta was localized in the upper uterine segment, except for three who had fetal malpresentation and congenital anomaly of the maternal pelvis. All patients of placenta previa had cesarian section, except 5 cases with a minor degree of placenta previa. 7) Two cases showed false negative, which suggests 97% accuracy in the screening test of placenta previa by scan, wich is a similar result to other reports. Only 4 cases of false positive discrepancy were noted.

Osteogenesis Imperfecta Congenita: Five cases and review of the literature

Recently, five cases of osteogenesis imperfecta have been observed at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University. Two newborn females, two female children (one year and eight months, five years and a male child (five years and four months) were typical examples with multiple bone fractures, blue sclerae, and deformity of extremities. The mother of case 3 has also had blue sclera but no history of bone fracture. In case 1, a chromosome study was done because the infant had a short neck, low set ears and a high arched palate besides typical signs of steogenesis imperfecta of which result was found as normal karyotype. In case 3, the patient also presented the rachitic changes of the long bones and ribs and exhibited congenital agenesis of the right kidney. In case 4, the blue sclera was questionable. Three cases on1y have been reported prior to this study in Korea. We are presenting another five cases of osteogenesis imperfecta congenita, its pathology and a brief review of the literature.

Statistical Observation of Ileocecal Intussuception

This report includes experiences of 63 cases of lntussusception treated in Severance Hospital from October 1964 to September 1968. 1. In age distribution, 44 cases were observed under one year of age (69.9%) and peak incidence occurs from the 4th to 7th month (38%). Males showed a decidedly higher incidence than females with a ratio of 2.3:1. Seasonal incidence showed 33.3 per cent in the Summer. 2. The cardinal symptoms and signs were irritability or abdominal pain, palpable abdominal mass, vomiting, and bloody mucous stools. 3. 7 out of 63 cases had an underlying cause; Meckel's diverticulum 2, enteric cyst 1, submucosal cyst 1, lymphosarcoma 1, reticulum cell sarcoma 1, and malrotation, and 5 cases out of six were under 3 years of age. 4. Of 63 cases, operative intervention without trial of barium enema reduction was used in 24 cases, 7 cases had only diagnostic barium enema. In the rest of the cases, namely 32 cases, hydrostatic pressure barium enema was performed and successful reduction was accomplished in 13 cases.

Observation of Primary Carcinoma of the Lung

Analysis of our primary bronchogenic carcinoma is restricted to 65 cases that have been regarded as having satisfactory histological and cytological proof of diagnosis by bronchial washing and bronchos opic biopsy and they were primarily diagnosed by roentgenography. Of these 65 cases, 59 cases were diagnosed by bronchoscopic biopsy and 6 cases were proved by bronchial washing. In the sex incidence, there were 49 males and 16 females, The peak incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma was 41.5 per cent in the fifth decade, 30.8 per cent in the fourth decade, and 1.5 per cent in the second decade. Cough, sputum raising, chest pain, and dyspnea were the most common complaints but three patiens had no signs or symptoms. The pathological classification, metastasis and complication were discussed for these 59 cases. Radiological classification of lung cancer revealed the following types: central pneumonic form; central solid form; central infiltrating form; peripheral solid form; peripheral cavitary form. 86.2% was central hilar type and 13.8% was peripheral type. For distribution of these 65 cases, 60% showed right lung involvement and 40% showed left lung involvement.