CNS innervation of the urinary bladder demonstrated by immunohistochemical study for c-fos and pseudorabies virus

The aim of the present study is to verify the functional and anatomical neural pathways which innervate the urinary bladder in the central nervous system of the rat. To identify the functional neural pathway, the urinary bladder was stimulated by infusing formalin for 2 h. Then, brain and spinal cord were dissected out and immunohistochemistry was done by using anti-c-fos antibody. Many c-fos immunoreactive (IR) neurons were identified in the telencephalic cortical areas and in several brainstem nuclei, which are known mostly to be related with urinary bladder. In the spinal cord, a number of c-fos IR neurons were found in the lamina I, IIo, dorsal gray commissure, sacral parasympathetic nucleus. To identify the anatomical neural pathway of the urinary bladder, Pseudorabies virus (PRV) was injected into the wall of urinary bladder and was identified with anti-PRV by using immunohistochemistry. Most PRV labeled neurons were found where c-fos IR neurons were identified and few of them were also in the areas where c-fos IR neurons were not found, e.g., prefrontal cortex, agranular insular cortex, and subfornical organ. In the spinal cord, PRV labeled cells were found all over the gray matter. The present study presents morphological evidence demonstrating the supraspinal areas are related with the neural control of the urinary bladder and most functional neural pathway of the urinary bladder is well consistent with the anatomical neural pathway except in some telencephalic cortical areas.

Two Cases of Primary Carcinoma of Female Urethra / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Primary carcinoma of the female urethra is an uncommon neoplasm that accounts for less than 0.02% of all malignant disease occurring in women. The rarity of the disease as well as varieties of treatment modalities has prevented unanimity of opinion as to the selection of proper treatment in individual cases. Herein we report two cases of female urethral primary carcinoma with brief review of the literatures.

Results of 87 single-layer microscopic technique for vasovasostomy / 대한비뇨기과학회지

From January 1986 to December 1991, 87 men who underwent single-layer microscopic vasovasotomy were evaluated and also 61 men were followed postoperatively. There was 90.2 (55/ 61 ) per cent return of sperm and 50.8 (31/61) per cent pregnancy using this technique. A 78.4 (24/ 31 ) per cent pregnancy rate was achieved within 8 months postoperatively. In this study there is no difference between the single-layer microscopic vasovasostomy and other microscopic vasectomy reversal in per cent of postoperatively obtaining normal sperm count and pregnancy. Since the single-layer microscopic vasovasostomy is easier, simpler, and time saving, this technique deserves further evaluation and performance.

First experience in treatment of urolithiasis using therasonic LT-1000 / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Two hundred sixteen patients with symptomatic urinary calculi underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy utilizing Therasonic Lithotripsy System (Theratonic LT -1000) at Kyunepook National Universily Hospital from April 1991 to march 1992. About 95.O per cent of stones were completely treated with one to nine session. The stone-free rate for patients with renal, upper and lower ureteral calculi was 93.9, 94.4 and 97.8 per cent respectively. Stone-free rate for individual patient depended on stone size. location. composition. and quality of disintegration. Postextracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy complications were minimal, these were gross hematuria. fever. flank pain, gastrointestinal trouble and stein strasse. Combined therapy utilizing percutaneous surgery or multiple sequential ESWL treatments is necessary for complex stones. In our opinion. ESWL utilizing Therasonic Lithotripsy System is more safe and effective treatment modality for urinary calculi except midureter and bladder than others.

Preventive management of uric acid nephrolithiasis with potassium citrate / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Eleven patients with uric acid nephrolithiasis(Five with uric acid stones alone and six with both uric acid and calcium stone) underwent long-term treatment(0.5 to 3.75 years, mean of 2.33 years) with potassium citrate(30 to 80 mEq/day. usually 60mEq/day). Urinary pH increased from low(5.0-6.0) to normal(6.5-7.0) during treatment. Urinary content of uric acid which was 584+/-150 mg, day. slightly increased to 595+/-163 mg/day following treatment. Serum content of uric acid which was 6.45+/-0.9 mg%, slightly decreased to 6.1+/-0.8 mg%. The protein matrix was round in all 11 cases. And 4 types of nucleus were found. which were ca. oxalate, ca. phosphate, dried blood and suture material During the period' (Jan. 1987-Mar. 1990) of preventive management(enough fluid intake. restiction of animal protein and Polycitra-K), no new stones were found.