ABSTRACT
The partial splenectomy was performed on the basis of the arterial distribution in order to reduce complications. The spleen consists of the various histologic components that have different functions. But we can not find the reports whether the distribution of red pulp, white pulp and trabecula is uniform or not according to the regions of the spleen. We used 15 spleens from Korean[male 8, female 7 and age 17-74]. The volume was measured with the mass cylinder. The 1cm3 blocks were selected in 5 different regions. Whole splenic slices by celloidin embedding were made from two spleens. The point counting method with eyepeice reticule was used for the measurement of the distribution of red pulp, white pulp and trabecula. The results were as follows : 1. The volume of the spleen was ranged 45-158ml and the individual difference was marked. The male spleen was larger than female`s [p<0.05]. 2. The ratio of red pulp, white pulp and trabecula of the paraffin embedding preparations was 83.2, 10.9, and 5.9% respectively. There was no significant difference in the distribution of the histologic components among five regions[upper, hilum, middle, outer, and lower]. 3. The distribution of red and white pulps in whole splenic slices was not uniformity. The ratio of red pulp, white pulp and trabecula in whole splenic slices was 80.1, 13.4 and 6.5% respectively. These results showed no significant difference with those of five regions of the spleen.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Collodion , Individuality , Paraffin Embedding , Spleen , SplenectomyABSTRACT
In order to clarify the anthropological characteristics of the zygomatic bones that influence to the facial morphology, authors measured the metric dimensions of the zygomatic bones and observed the non -metric traits of Korean 192 skulls (122 males, 43 females, and unknown 27 cases). The results were as follows. In the anterior aspects of the skull, the bizygomatic breadth was 134.8 +/-6.0 mm in the male and 126.6 +/-5.5 mm in the female and the bijugale breadth was 117.3 +/-5.1 mm and 110.1 +/-4.0 mm in the male and female, respectively. The mid -orbital breadth was 53.5 +/-5.7 mm in the male and 52.2 +/-4.7 mm in the female and the bimaxillary breadth was 98.9 +/-5.0 mm in the male and 94.8 +/-4.4 mm in the female. In the lateral aspects of the skulls, the distance from the porion to the ectoconchion (oder - tiefe) was 71.1 +/-2.7 mm in the female and 69.0 +/-3.0 mm in the female and the distance between the porion and the jugale (ohrjochbeinlange) was 54.2 +/-2.7 mm in the male and 53.1 +/-2.7 mm in the female. The maximum zygomatic length was 54.5 +/-3.7 mm in the male and 50.5 +/-2.9 mm in the female and the zygomatic height was 49.6 +/-3.0 mm in the male and 45.8 +/-2.4 mm in the female. The incidences of the absence of the zygomaticofacial foramina and the zygomaticotemporal foramina were 12.0% and 7.3%, respectively. The average number of the zygomaticofacial and the zygomaticotemporal foramina was 1.7 and 0.8, respectively. The positions of these foramina located on the bodies of the zygomatic bones in many cases, and the other cases were that these foramina located on the frontal processes of the zygomatic bones or on the borderlines of the body and frontal process.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Incidence , SkullABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Recent studies revealed that inhalational anesthetics (IA) attenuate NO production. But the hemodynamic changes produced by IA in septic syndrome patient are still sufficient to threaten patient, surgeon and anesthesiologist. So we examined which IA is proper to maintain vascular contractile force and evaluated the effects of NOS inhibitors on contractile force of septic rat aorta under IA. METHODS: Aortic ring preparation was obtained from LPS-treated (1.5 mg/kg, i.p. for 18h) rats. The development of sepsis was confirmed by iNOS activity and iNOS expression using RT-PCR. Contractile responses of aorta to phenylephrine admministation in the presence or absence of halothane, enflurane and isoflurane were evaluated. We also evaluated the effects of NOS inhibitors, one is NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and the other is aminoguanidine. Statistical significances (p<0.05) were analyzed according to data characteristics by unpaired t-test and paired t-test. RESULTS: The contractile responses to phenylephrine admministration were attenuated in LPS-treated rings. Isoflurane, even at the dose of 2 MAC, didn't affect the contractile response while both halothane and enflurane decreased the contractile response even at the dose of 1 MAC. The potentiation of contractile responses by NOS inhibitors were not affected during administeration of IA. CONCLUSIONS: From these results, it is suggested that isoflurane is the safest inhalational anesthetic and NOS inhibitors, especially L-NAME, may be very useful in the therapy of septic shock patients during general anesthesia.